Evaluation of Carrying Angle with Hand Grip Strength in Young Adults; An Anatomical Study

Background: The carrying angle of the elbow is an important anatomical feature that facilitates efficient upper limb movement and clearance of the forearm during gait. Variations in carrying angle may influence elbow biomechanics, joint stability, and functional hand performance. Hand grip strength is a validated indicator of upper limb muscular function and overall health status.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between carrying angle and hand grip strength in young adults and to determine the influence of forearm length and hand span on grip strength.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 100 healthy young adults aged 18–30 years, including both males and females. Carrying angle was measured bilaterally using a universal goniometer with the elbow fully extended and forearm supinated. Hand grip strength was assessed using a Jamar dynamometer. Forearm length and hand span were measured using a non-elastic measuring tape. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Spearman’s correlation test was applied, and p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Females demonstrated a significantly greater carrying angle than males on both sides. Males exhibited higher hand grip strength than females. Carrying angle showed a moderate negative correlation with grip strength on the right (r = -0.52) and left (r = -0.58) sides. Forearm length demonstrated a strong positive correlation with grip strength on the right (r = +0.65) and left (r = +0.62). Hand span also showed a strong positive correlation with grip strength on the right (r = +0.68) and left (r = +0.71).

Conclusion: Increased carrying angle is associated with reduced hand grip strength, whereas greater forearm length and hand span are associated with stronger grip strength. These findings may be useful in anatomical assessment, rehabilitation planning, sports biomechanics, and ergonomic device design