D6.1 – Tunnel furnace concept for electrical and hybrid operation (publishable summary)

This deliverable develops a tunnel furnace concept for the electrical and hybrid firing of ceramic products such as bricks and roof tiles, aimed at reducing the CO₂ emissions of a process traditionally carried out in gas-fired kilns. It combines an analysis of the gases evolved during firing, numerical modelling of the tunnel kiln operated with alternative energy sources compared to natural gas, and experimental investigation of an existing kiln, providing recommendations to support the design and demonstration of an electrified and hybrid tunnel furnace in the next phases of the project. As the original Deliverable D6.1 has a Sensitive (SEN) dissemination level and is not publicly available, this record contains a publishable summary of the work.