Comparative Analysis of Digital Accounting Acceptance Among Women-Owned Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) In Bali and Bacolod City: A Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Perspective

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed financial management practices, particularly through the adoption of digital accounting systems among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Digital accounting enables entrepreneurs to improve financial record-keeping, enhance decision-making, and increase operational efficiency. Despite its potential benefits, the level of digital accounting acceptance varies across regions due to differences in technological readiness, digital literacy, socio-cultural environments, and institutional support. This study aims to comparatively examine the factors influencing the acceptance of digital accounting among women-owned MSMEs in Bali, Indonesia, and Bacolod City, Philippines, using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the primary theoretical framework. This study employs a literature review approach by synthesizing empirical findings from recent scholarly publications, international reports, and theoretical studies related to digital accounting adoption, women entrepreneurship, and technology acceptance. The review indicates that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use remain the strongest determinants of digital accounting acceptance in both countries. However, several contextual factors—including digital literacy, government support, financial capability, entrepreneurial experience, and social influence—significantly strengthen or weaken technology adoption. The comparative analysis further reveals that women entrepreneurs in Bali are primarily motivated by business efficiency, tourism-driven digitalization, and government digital transformation programs, whereas women entrepreneurs in Bacolod City demonstrate stronger reliance on technological readiness, financial inclusion initiatives, and entrepreneurial networking. The findings suggest that integrating contextual variables into the Technology Acceptance Model provides a more comprehensive understanding of digital accounting acceptance among women-owned MSMEs in developing economies. This literature contributes to the growing body of knowledge on digital accounting adoption and provides practical implications for policymakers in designing inclusive digital transformation strategies for women entrepreneurs in Indonesia and the Philippines.