Published July 31, 2026
| Version 2
Preprint
Open
Refuse, Don't Report: Three Integrity Gates for Self-Modifying ML Systems
Description
Instrumented machine-learning systems detect anomalies and then produce a result anyway. Sample-ratio-mismatch guardrails invalidate an A/B test after the fact; model-provenance tooling compares hashes post-hoc; vector stores resolve an encoder change by reindexing. In each case the system records that something is wrong and still emits an artifact.
We describe three gates that take the opposite stance and refuse to emit. A memory organ refuses to load a snapshot whose digest does not match or whose key-encoders differ from the ones that wrote it. A transplant ledger refuses a weight record carrying neither a provenance certificate nor a measured drift. An ablation harness writes no artifact when its arms disagree on seed, data cursor, base checkpoint, or training contract.
The motivation is empirical. Over two days on one 1.7B-parameter model, eight experiments reported success through checks that could not fail: knowledge measured after the modification was reverted, integrity hashes over tensors the edit never touched, a policy gate whose entries could not match any input. Each passed review.
We then put the gates to work. A certified self-reassembly rebuilds the model from itself tensor by tensor, reaching 0.0 logit error with all 219 tensors certified, calibrating the apparatus against a known answer. Two transfer experiments then return negatives the calibration makes trustworthy. A cross-lineage FFN graft does not beat a norm-matched noise arm (11.2166 against 11.2163) even though the learned router opens its gate to 0.773 for the real donor and 0.015 for noise. Installing sixteen facts by rank-1 edit yields three, while prefixing every unrelated answer with the same attractor.
Neither failure is a missing mechanism. Routers and edits both worked. Both failed at addressability: information transferred into a model is not reachable in that model's coordinate space.
We describe three gates that take the opposite stance and refuse to emit. A memory organ refuses to load a snapshot whose digest does not match or whose key-encoders differ from the ones that wrote it. A transplant ledger refuses a weight record carrying neither a provenance certificate nor a measured drift. An ablation harness writes no artifact when its arms disagree on seed, data cursor, base checkpoint, or training contract.
The motivation is empirical. Over two days on one 1.7B-parameter model, eight experiments reported success through checks that could not fail: knowledge measured after the modification was reverted, integrity hashes over tensors the edit never touched, a policy gate whose entries could not match any input. Each passed review.
We then put the gates to work. A certified self-reassembly rebuilds the model from itself tensor by tensor, reaching 0.0 logit error with all 219 tensors certified, calibrating the apparatus against a known answer. Two transfer experiments then return negatives the calibration makes trustworthy. A cross-lineage FFN graft does not beat a norm-matched noise arm (11.2166 against 11.2163) even though the learned router opens its gate to 0.773 for the real donor and 0.015 for noise. Installing sixteen facts by rank-1 edit yields three, while prefixing every unrelated answer with the same attractor.
Neither failure is a missing mechanism. Routers and edits both worked. Both failed at addressability: information transferred into a model is not reachable in that model's coordinate space.
Notes
Files
PAPER_REFUSE_NOT_REPORT.pdf
Additional details
Related works
- Is supplemented by
- Software: https://github.com/marcobarreto007/F51-Darwin-SSD (URL)
References
- S. Haber and W. S. Stornetta. How to time-stamp a digital document. Journal of Cryptology, 3(2):99–111, 1991.
- R. Hecht-Nielsen. On the algebraic structure of feedforward network weight spaces. In Advanced Neural Computers, 129–135, 1990.
- NIST. Secure Hash Standard (SHS). FIPS PUB 180-4, 2015.
- S. K. Ainsworth, J. Hayase, and S. Srinivasa. Git Re-Basin: Merging models modulo permutation symmetries. arXiv:2209.04836, 2022.
- R. Kohavi, D. Tang, and Y. Xu. Trustworthy Online Controlled Experiments. Cambridge University Press, 2020. Chapter 21, Sample Ratio Mismatch and other trust-related guardrail metrics.
- A. Swaminathan and T. Joachims. Batch learning from logged bandit feedback through counterfactual risk minimization. JMLR, 16:1731–1755, 2015.
- Training-inference kernel contracts: bounding divergence in post-training and deployment. arXiv:2606.07581, 2026.
- Stepping out of the shadows: reinforcement learning in shadow mode. arXiv:2410.23419, 2024.
- Amazon Technologies. Shadow testing services. US Patent 8,001,422, filed 2008-06-30, granted 2011-08-16.
- Electronic device for performing hash authentication on a neural network. US Patent 12,483,416.
- Verification of a weight stored in a non-volatile memory cell in a neural network following a programming operation. US Patent 11,972,795.
- Methods to protect neural network models. US Patent 11,568,062.
- OWASP. CycloneDX 1.7 / ECMA-424, 2nd edition, October 2025.
- TraceFL: Interpretability-driven debugging in federated learning. arXiv:2312.13632, 2023.
- Safety-oriented function reuse across LLMs via cross-model neuron transfer. arXiv:2603.18449, 2026.
- RouteMark: Expert-level IP attribution in merged mixture-of-experts. arXiv:2508.01784, 2025.
- MergeME: Model merging techniques for homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures of experts. NAACL 2025. arXiv:2502.00997.
- A. Behrouz, P. Zhong, and V. Mirrokni. Titans: Learning to memorize at test time. arXiv:2501.00663, 2025.
- In-place test-time training. arXiv:2604.06169, 2026.
- Dynamic updating of content addressable associative memories for large language models. US Patent 12,450,168 B2, filed 2024-01-31.
- Portable agent memory. arXiv:2605.11032, 2026.
- Secure memory with signed records (SMSR). arXiv:2606.12703, 2026.
- MemoryGraft: Cryptographic provenance attestation for agent memory. arXiv:2512.16962, 2025.
- Beyond perplexity: A behavioral evaluation framework for deployment-memory claims in LLM test-time training. arXiv:2607.00368, 2026.
- A survey on long-term memory security in LLM agents: toward mnemonic sovereignty. arXiv:2604.16548, 2026.