CASSIA FISTULA LINN: PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION

Cassia fistula Linn. (family Fabaceae), commonly known as Indian Laburnum or Golden Shower Tree, is a medicinal plant extensively used in traditional systems of medicine including Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. The present review highlights the phytochemical profile, traditional applications, geographical distribution, morphological characteristics, and biomedical potential of Cassia fistula. Various parts of the plant such as leaves, flowers, bark, roots, fruit pulp, pods, and seeds contain biologically active compounds including flavonoids, anthraquinones, phenolic compounds, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. These phytoconstituents contribute to a broad range of pharmacological activities. Experimental studies have demonstrated significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, wound healing, antipyretic, anthelmintic, gastroprotective, and anticancer properties of the plant. The antioxidant potential of Cassia fistula is particularly associated with its ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. Traditional and modern scientific evidence supports its therapeutic value and highlights its potential for the development of natural and plant-based pharmaceutical formulations. Further clinical investigations are necessary to validate its safety, efficacy, and biomedical applications.