ELECTRONICS & ELECTRICAL DOMAIN
Published July 28, 2026 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Uniform Planar Array Based PMCW MIMO Radar with Outer-Coded Waveform Orthogonality for Cohesive Sensing and Communication

Authors/Creators

Description

This paper presents an extended analysis of a phase-modulated continuous wave (PMCW)-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system employing a 64-element (8×8) uniform planar array (UPA) for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) applications. Building on a previously reported cohesive sensing-and-communication framework, this extended version introduces a MIMO waveform-orthogonality scheme based on outer coding, together with a downlink channel-sounding and equalization procedure, that together allow the same PMCW chip sequence to be shared coherently across all transmit elements while a data payload is embedded on a per-antenna basis. The system supports simultaneous detection of static and dynamic targets and downlink data delivery over a unified hardware platform. Simulation results reported in the original study demonstrate mean estimation accuracies of 99.82% in range, 98.8% in angle, and 94.24% in velocity for the 8×8 UPA configuration, together with a basic 16-element uniform linear array (ULA) laboratory validation. The newly introduced outer-coding and channel-sounding modules are formulated analytically in this extended manuscript; their quantitative communication-link validation (e.g., bit-error-rate performance under the proposed coding scheme) is identified as immediate future work. Compared with recent related works, most of which report only one or two of range, angle, velocity, or communication performance, the proposed framework targets joint range angle velocity estimation together with a structurally validated communication path.

Files

Uniform Planar Array Based PMCW MIMO -HBRP Publication.pdf

Files (795.9 kB)

Additional details

References

  • 1. Skolnik, M. I. (1981). Introduction to radar systems (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill Book Company.
  • 2. Ma, D., Shlezinger, N., Huang, T., Liu, Y., & Eldar, Y. C. (2020). Joint radar-communication strategies for autonomous vehicles: Combining two key automotive technologies. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 37(4), 85–97.
  • 3. Wu, Y., Lemic, F., Han, C., & Chen, Z. (2023). Sensing integrated DFT-spread OFDM waveform and deep learning-powered receiver design for terahertz integrated sensing and communication systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 71(1), 595–610.
  • 4. Wang, Z., Liu, Z., Hao, S., Chen, X., & Zhang, R. (2023). OTFS waveform design based on WFRFT for integrated sensing and communication. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC) (pp. 1–6).
  • 5. Singh, D., et al. (2024). A novel adaptive spreading waveform for integrated sensing and communication. In Proceedings of the IEEE 4th International Symposium on Joint Communications & Sensing (JC&S) (pp. 1–6).
  • 6. Zhu, J., & Yang, J. (2023). Design and implementation of integrated sensing and communication waveform based on LFM-CPM. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)(pp. 438–442).
  • 7. Xu, T., Ye, Y., & Masouros, C. (2024). Signal waveform design for resilient integrated sensing and communications. In Proceedings of the IEEE 14th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks & Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP) (pp. 109–114).
  • 8. Khazraj, A., Rezki, Z., & Alouini, M. S. (2021). Integrated sensing and communications: A waveform perspective. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2, 1921–1938.
  • 9. Wu, Z., Ma, X., Chang, F., Li, C., & Luo, Z. (2025). Enhanced sensing for automotive mmWave radar: Super-resolution range and angle estimation with coherent extension and advanced IAA. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. Advance online publication.
  • 10. Cheng, X., Duan, D., Gao, S., & Yang, L. (2022). Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) for vehicular communication networks (VCN). IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(23), 23441–23451.