Supply Chain Resilience

Abstract

Global supply chains have become increasingly complex and vulnerable due to disruptions such as pandemics, geopolitical conflicts, climate change, and cyber risks. Traditional offshore manufacturing models, while cost-efficient, expose firms to long lead times, political instability, and limited visibility. This paper explores how the dual strategies of near-shoring and blockchain integration can enhance supply chain resilience. Near-shoring, by relocating production closer to demand markets, reduces dependency on distant suppliers, shortens lead times, and fosters regional industrial growth. Blockchain technology, with its features of immutability, smart contracts, and end-to-end traceability, ensures transparency, reduces fraud, and builds trust among stakeholders.  The research draws upon secondary data, industry case studies, and policy reports to analyze the complementary benefits of these approaches. Findings suggest that near-shoring strengthens agility and local employment, while blockchain addresses informational gaps by enabling real-time monitoring and secure transactions. Together, they create a robust framework for adaptive, transparent, and sustainable supply chains. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, skill mismatches, and interoperability issues persist. The study concludes that integrating near-shoring with blockchain is not merely a cost-management strategy but a long-term resilience model, particularly relevant for industries with high regulatory requirements such as pharmaceuticals, food, and aerospace. Policymakers and businesses must therefore invest in regional hubs, digital infrastructure, and collaborative ecosystems to realize the full potential of these innovations.