The Role of Aggregators in the Electric Vehicle Market: Opportunities and Challenges for Electricity Distribution Networks

This paper examines the decisive role of Aggregators in integrating electric vehicles (EVs) into distribution networks, within the context of the global decarbonization effort. Massive, uncoordinated charging causes serious operational challenges, such as a sharp rise in peak demand and voltage instability. Aggregators act as intermediaries, converting EVs into flexible Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) through smart and bidirectional charging technologies (Vehicle-to-Grid - V2G). By employing decentralized architectures and optimization algorithms, they offer services such as peak shaving and frequency regulation, reducing charging costs by 30–60%. Despite these significant benefits, such as a 40% reduction in Renewable Energy Sources (RES) curtailment, critical regulatory barriers remain, including the double taxation of energy and the need for standardized communication protocols (ISO 15118).