Biological Approach and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles, Applications, and Their Achievement of SDGs

A cost-effective method was employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This review explores the latest advancements in the biosynthesis of AgNPs using various plant extracts and delves into essential characterization techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential are utilized to determine how the size, shape, morphology, crystallinity, and surface charge of nanoparticles play a crucial role in affecting their biological performance.. Green-synthesized nanoparticles exhibit impressive antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and catalytic properties, underscoring their importance in addressing global challenges, such as water safety, pollution, and food preservation. Their versatility and alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight their potential applications in medical devices, germ control, and combating antibiotic resistance. Additionally, green-synthesized AgNPs can serve as efficient catalysts for energy storage, environmental remediation, and chemical synthesis.