Jujubinus striatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

SSH XIX – Fig. 8J–L

Trochus striatus Linnaeus, 1758: 759 (no figure).

Jujubinus aequistriatus Monterosato, 1884: 108 (no figure).

Diagnosis

Shell of large size for the genus, very solid, 5–6 well spaced spiral cords, elevated, deep interspaces with internally strong prosocline spaced apart lamellae, peripheral cord evident, high height/width ratio.

Type material

Lectotype of Trochus striatus Linnaeus, 1758 MEDITERRANEAN • dd; Mediterranean (type locality); lectotype here designated; LSL.508, The Linnean Society.

Paralectotypes of Trochus striatus Linnaeus, 1758 MEDITERRANEAN • 6 dd; Mediterranean; Peter Dance’s label PZ 0010802; LSL.508, The Linnean Society.

Syntypes of Jujubinus aequistriatus Monterosato, 1884 SICILY • 45 dd; Palermo; NA.; labelled “Tr. (Jujub.) aequistriatus Palermo!”; MCZR-M-11688/S • 8 dd; Palermo, Mondello; NA.; labelled “ J. aequistriatus Monts detrito Mondello” • 8 dd; Palermo, Mondello; NA.; labelled “ J. Aequistriatus Mont. Detrito Mondello ”; MCZR-M-11688 • 25 dd; Palermo, Arenella; NA.; labelled “ aequistriatus di Arenella, 1918 assieme al littoralis”; MCZR-M-11521• 3 dd; Palermo and Trapani; NA.; labelled “Paler Trapa”; MCZR-M-11694.

Other material examined

ALGERIA • 4 dd; Annaba; “Bône-Alg. Hangenmuller”; MCZR-M-11682 • 5 dd; Algeri; “Algeri (Joly)”; MCZR-M-11682 • 7 dd; Oran; “ attenuans Oran e Argelia Pallary”; MCZR-M-11682 • 2 dd; unprecised locality; “coll Weink.”; MCZR-M-11682.

CROATIA • 1 dd; Brac I.; “Dalm. Bras”; MCZR-M-11682.

FRANCE • 13 dd; Brest; “ Tr. Striatus L. Brest dedit Petit”; MCZR-M-11680 • 25 dd; Grand Camp- Maisy; “ Mi. striatus L. Grand Camp-Calvados, dedit Chapar”; MCZR-M-11680 • 1 dd; Arcachon; “ JuJ. Striatus, Auct. Arcachon! Atl-Franc”; MCZR-M-11680 • 2 dd; La Ciotat; “La Ciotat!. Bartesago”; MCZR-M-11712 • 3 dd; Bandol; “Bandol 1908”; MCZR-M-11735 • 4 dd; La Ciotat; “La Ciotat”; MCZR-M-11743 • 7 dd; Port Vendres; “ Trochus striatus Lin. Port Vendre ”; MCZR-M-11776 • 2 dd; Toulon; “Toulon (Caziot)”; MCZR-M-11775 • 12 dd; unidentified locality; “Portane Pauls littoral”, ex coll Pallary; MCZR-M-11775.

GREAT BRITAIN • 3 dd; unprecised locality; “England”; MCZR-M-11694 • 6 dd; Falmouth; “ Trochus striatus L. Riants Falmouth ”; MCZR-M-11756 • 6 dd; Devonshire; “ Trochus striatus L. Jorbay Devonshire ” plus “ Mi. striatus L. Jorbay (Devon.) England dedit Venticuss”; MCZR-M-11757 • 5 dd; Guernsey I.; “Is Guernsay”; MCZR-M-11694.

GREECE • 1 dd; Astypalea I.; 10 m depth; fishing nets; LT • 28 dd; Astypalea I., near Maltezana; 10 m depth; on Posidonia oceanica; LT.

ITALY • 2 dd; Castiglioncello; “Castiglioncello”; MCZR-M-11757 • 6 dd; Terracina; “ Terracina ”; MCZR-M-11748 • 2 dd; Anzio; “Porto d’Anzio. Da Praus col nome di mixtus sine loco! D. R.”; MCZR-M-11682 • 1 dd; Anzio, harbour; “Porto d’Anzio”; MCZR-M-11735 • 1 dd; Napoli; “ hieroglyphus. Monts. Napoli!”; MCZR-M-11748 • 1 dd; Napoli; “ propinquus Monts desiderato Napoli”; MCZR-M-11749 • 1 dd; Napoli; “Napoli”; MCZR-M-25224 • 1 dd; Chioggia; “Chioggia Chiamenti”; MCZR-M-11758 • 1 dd; Taranto?; “Taranto? (D. Praus)”; MCZR-M-11758.

LYBIA • 1 dd; Tripoli; “Tripolit Marsa al Kmescia”; MCZR-M-11757.

MALTA • 1 dd; unprecised locality; “Malta”; MCZR-M-11682 • 1 dd; unprecised locality; “Malta?”; MCZR-M-11720 • 2 dd; unprecised locality; “Malta”; MCZR-M-11735 • 1 dd; unprecised locality; “ubi? Malta?”; MCZR-M-11758 • 2 lv; Gozo Is., Xwejni Bay; 36°04′48.62″ N, 14°14′50.80″ E; 10 m depth; on P. oceanica, used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2675.1 – 2.

MOROCCO • 1 dd; Tanger; “Tanger”; MCZR-M-11758 • 9 dd; Casablanca; “ J. strigosus (Gm) Ph Casa Blanca Marocco”; MCZR-M-11715.

PORTUGAL • 5 dd; Setubal, Portinho de Arrabida; fishing boat; CS-PM.

SARDINIA • 6 dd; Cagliari; “Cagliari Fra Piero 1892”; MCZR-M-11682 • 49 dd; San Pietro I.; “ JuJ. microconus copia a Pallary S. Pietro-Sard. Hangenmuller”; MCZR-M-11712 • 8 dd; Golfo d’Arzachena; beached; CS-PM • 1 dd; unprecised locality; “ Sardegna ”; MCZR-M-11712 • 9 dd; unprecised locality; “Sard! De Ribbis 1912”; MCZR-M-11743 • 1 dd; unprecised locality; “ Sardegna ”; MCZR-M-11748 • 1 dd; unprecised locality; “(Praus) Sardegna ”; MCZR-M-11749 • 1 dd; unprecised locality; “ Sardegna Chafers”; MCZR-M-11758 • 1 dd; unprecised locality; “ Sardegna Mme Bibbin”; MCZR-M-11758 • 1 dd; unprecised locality; “ Sardegna ”; MCZR-M-11770.

SICILY • 12 dd; Palermo; “ Pal. Euggeus 1912”; MCZR-M-11684 • 4 dd; Palermo; “Paler”; MCZR-M-11684 • 1 dd; Palermo; “ Pal.”; MCZR-M-11684 • 2 dd; Palermo; “Prominulus Pal. Littorale”; MCZR-M-11684 • 7 dd; Palermo; “ J. rotulatus Palermo”; MCZR-M-11711 • 40 dd; Palermo; “ JuJ. Di Pal. Nel Porto. 89”; MCZR-M-11711 • 5 dd; Palermo; “Palermo”; MCZR-M-11715 • 4 dd; Palermo; “P”, written on the cork stopper of the vial; MCZR-M-11735 • 3 dd; Palermo; “var. fusco-picta Paler.” [in a single vial together with 15 shells of J. angustibasis]; MCZR-M-11749 • 6 dd; Palermo; “P”, written on the cork stopper of the vial; MCZR-M-11735 • 4 dd; Palermo; “nel Porto di Palermo”, freak; MCZR-M-11761 • 14 dd; Palermo; “ Porto di Pal!”; MCZR-M-25359 • 9 dd; Palermo, harbour; “ Porto di Palermo”; MCZR-M-11735 • 5 lv; Palermo, Barcarello; 3 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2069.1, 2069.3 to 2069.6 • 1 dd; Palermo, Romagnolo; “ Romagnolo det. Beltrani, 1918 ”; MCZR-M-11749 • 1 dd; Palermo?; “ Trochus unidentatus var- Philippi Palermo? Da Benoit”; MCZR-M-11761 • 1 dd; Palermo, Punta Raisi; 38°10′47.0″ N, 13°05′21.1″ E; beached; LT • 3 dd; Trapani; “Trap”; MCZR-M-11684 • 3 dd; Trapani; “Trapa”; MCZR-M-11684 • 12 dd; Favignana I.; beached; CS-PM • 5 dd; Favignana I.; beached; CS-PM • 1 dd; Mazzara del Vallo?; “Mazzara?”; MCZR-M-11746 • 1 dd; Sciacca; “ pulchrae-colorata Sciacca”; MCZR-M-11756 • 3 lv; Castellammare del Golfo; 38°01′48.05″ N, 12°52’58.32″ E; 2 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; RM3 -Jst1 to RM3 - Jst3 • 8 dd; Ognina; “Trap. 2 Ognina”; MCZR-M-11756 • 3 dd; Messina; “ J. renieri, Messina lo stesso alle Baleari ”; MCZR-M-11758 • 2 lv; Mezzoforno-Cefalù; 5 m depth; Posidonia; CS-PM • 1 dd; Lampedusa; “Lampedusa”; MCZR-M-11746 • 2 dd; Lampedusa; “Lampedusa”; MCZR-M-11749.

SPAIN • 4 dd; Algeciras; “Algeciras (Kobelt) anche di Gibilterra (Tomlin)”; MCZR-M-11682 • 43 dd; Getares, 4 km S of Algeciras; 20 m depth; washing of algae; LT • 2 dd; Gibraltar; “Gibilterra (Ponsonby)”; MCZR-M-11680 • 3 dd; Gibraltar; “Gibilterra”; MCZR-M-11681.

Description (in parentheses data of the lectotype)

SHELL. Shell of large size for the genus, height 7.0–12.3 (6.8) mm, width 6.1–8.2 (5.3) mm, height/ width ratio 1.35–1.51, conical, very solid. Protoconch seemingly smooth, of ca 1 whorl, 0.31–0.32 μm in width. Teleoconch of 7.5 (7.5) slightly convex whorls. Sculpture of 5–7 (6) flat, closely set abapical spiral cords of about the same strength, including the 2–3 (3) peripheral ones forming the peripheral cord, slightly shouldered, and 8–9 (9) regularly spaced, basal spiral cords narrow and marked. Suture incised. Teleoconch surface covered by barely visible prosocline growth striae, and strong prosocline lamellae. Base convex, umbilicus closed also in juveniles, covered with a white callus. Aperture quadrangular, with the columellar callus thickened in the middle portion. Interior of the aperture whitish, nacreous.

COLOURATION. Colour of protoconch and initial teleoconch whorls bright pinkish-cream; remaining whorls and base cream or hazelnut colour striated by fine brownish-reddish opisthocline or orthocline lines.

SOFT PARTS. Epipodial tentacles translucent, densely covered by very tiny white speckles. Foot background creamy mottled with brown or reddish irregularly-shaped blotches, and covered by white and brownish speckles; sole white. Cephalic tentacles translucent, with two dorsal brown stripes and covered by small whitish and brownish speckles. Eye stalks brownish dorsally, creamy ventrally; eyes black. Snout dark brown, a creamy terminal band with a thin dark terminal stripe.

Distribution

Atlantic, from Great Britain to Spain, and across the entire Mediterranean Sea; living specimens at depths of 2– 10 m.

Remarks

The binomen Jujubinus striatus has been widely used in the past for specimens belonging to a number of species (several cryptic), not all of them phylogenetically related. We restrict here the concept of Trochus striatus to the broad-based specimens in the series of Linnean original syntypes because the narrow-base forms are a complex of different species, as evidenced by the present work. We note that a single shell of the Linnean type series is a specimen of J. angustibasis sp. nov. Therefore, we have selected one of the broad-based specimens as lectotype of Trochus striatus, to stabilize the use of the name. Jujubinus striatus differs from J. vexationis, J. swinneni sp. nov., J. elenchoides, J. superum sp. nov., J. gofasi sp. nov., J. kyrnos sp. nov., J. dianiensis sp. nov., and J. fraterculus in its broad base and the less slender outlline; from J. depictus, J. ruscurianus, and J. sartorii in the more regular and less marked sculpture; from J. gravinae in its larger size and the peripheral cord not crenulated.