Artificial Intelligence and Consciousness: A Christian Theological Evaluation of Mind, Personhood, and Human Uniqueness

This article examines artificial intelligence and consciousness from a Christian theological perspective. It distinguishes computational intelligence from subjective awareness and considers whether artificial systems could possess consciousness, personhood, moral agency, or spiritual identity.

Drawing upon Christian anthropology, the biblical doctrine of the image of God, embodiment, relationality, and moral responsibility, the article argues that advanced behavioural performance does not by itself demonstrate an inner conscious life. Artificial intelligence may imitate human language, creativity, empathy, and theological reflection without possessing the experiences those expressions describe.

The article also considers the ethical responsibilities of developers, institutions, churches, governments, and users. It concludes that artificial intelligence should presently be understood as a powerful human-created technology rather than a human or spiritual person. The central theological challenge is not whether machines can imitate humanity, but whether human beings will use technology while preserving dignity, responsibility, justice, and genuine human relationships.

Published as a pre-ISSN launch article by Faith • Civilization • Theology.