Phase Holdups in Three-Phase Fluidized Beds in The Presence of Hourglass Promoter

Three-phase fluidized beds are widely employed in process industries. The ongoing investigation fundamentally
encompasses of the studies on liquid holdup, gas holdup and bed porosity in three-phase fluidized beds containing
coaxially placed hourglasses as promoter element. Holdup data were acquired by measuring pressure drop and bed
expansion. Analysing the data elucidated the effects of dynamic and geometric parameters on liquid holdup, gas
holdup and bed porosity. Useful equations were attained from empirical modelling by correlating the data