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Bisphenol A and Its Metabolites in the Pathophysiology of Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome: Endocrine Disruption, Steroidogenesis, Genetic Polymorphisms, and Metabolic Dysfunction
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University of California, San Francisco
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Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders of premenopausal women. It was previously known as polycystic ovary syndrome until its renaming in 2026 as the result of a global consensus process. PMOS etiology is multifactorial. Among the many likely significant environmental factors is bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous industrial xenoestrogen which may contribute to multitude symptoms. This review analyzes the mechanistic, genetic, metabolic, and epidemiological evidence linking BPA exposure to PMOS. Specific attention is devoted to the medical and physiological effects of BPA’s active metabolites: BPA-glucuronide (BPA-G), BPA-sulfate (BPA-S), and 4-methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) pent-1-ene (MBP).
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