Study of Coagulation Profile in Patient with Liver Diseases

Introduction: The liver is the primary site for the synthesis of coagulation factors and regulatory proteins. Hepatic dysfunction disrupts this haemostatic balance, predisposing patients to both bleeding and thrombotic complications. Chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis are significant global health burdens, necessitating a thorough understanding of these complex haemostatic alterations to improve clinical management.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the coagulation profile in patients with liver disease, investigate the association between coagulation abnormalities and disease severity, and assess the risk of clinical bleeding.

Material and Methods: This hospital-based, prospective observational study was conducted from January 2024 to June 2025 at a medical college. A total of 100 clinically and radiologically confirmed liver disease patients (aged 20–70 years) were included. Coagulation parameters—Prothrombin Time (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT), platelet count, and D-dimer—were measured using standard laboratory techniques and compared with existing literature.

Results: The study cohort comprised 79% males and 21% females, with a mean age of 54.4±13.1 years. Cirrhosis (49%) and alcoholic liver disease (30%) were the most common diagnoses. Haemostatic abnormalities were prevalent: 71% of patients exhibited prolonged PT, 84% had prolonged aPTT, 70% demonstrated thrombocytopenia, and 72% showed elevated D-dimer levels. A history of clinical bleeding was observed in 48% of patients, correlating with more pronounced coagulation derangements.

Conclusion: Liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, is associated with significant coagulation abnormalities, reflecting a rebalanced haemostatic state where synthetic impairment and increased fibrinolysis coexist. These profiles serve as valuable indicators of disease progression. Regular assessment of these parameters is essential for evaluating severity and guiding effective patient care.