AUTOMATA - System specification (D2.3)

Deliverable 2.3 outlines the system specification for the AUTOMATA project, a robotic system designed to automate the digitisation of archaeological artefacts, specifically ceramics and lithics. This document builds upon the discussions in D2.1 (Methodologies, Scenario, and User Requirements) and the review conducted in D2.2 (State of the Art on Enhanced Digitisation). It provides a detailed description of the prototype robotic workstation, including its components, safety measures, and motion control mechanisms for handling archaeological objects. Additionally, it explores sensor integration for 3D scanning and material analysis alongside the automated workflow for collecting the necessary data to generate the 3D models and feed the post-processing phase. 

Sections 2 to 4 focus on the robotic system for digitisation, highlighting its adaptability and the end effectors designed to safely handle artefacts. The document details safety measures, workspace layout, and weight distribution control while addressing environmental considerations such as dust protection, vibration mitigation, and specific lighting requirements. The motion control systems ensure the precise handling of fragile artefacts, incorporating intelligent path planning and integrated safety protocols for efficient operation. 

Section 5 delves into the protocols for integrating sensors for 3D scanning (including photogrammetry, laser scanning, and structured light) and material analysis (using hyperspectral imaging, pXRF, and handheld Raman spectroscopy). It discusses the calibration and accuracy of these methods, along with challenges in data acquisition, while emphasising the use of compact devices for effective material analysis. 

The final section (Section 6) describes the automated digitisation workflow, explaining the object positioning techniques employed for 3D model creation and the process of combining hyperspectral imaging with 3D models. These tasks are supported by AI tools for calibration and model refinement. The system aims to digitise each artefact while automating data processing, with outputs stored in the RIS3D system. Finally, the document addresses object labelling protocols and cloud integration for secure storage and sharing of digitised data.