Swarm Plasma Density Products: Climatological Statistics and ISR Conjunction Datasets

# Swarm Plasma Density Products: Climatological Statistics and ISR Conjunction Datasets

**Dataset type:** Processed scientific dataset for validation and inter-comparison of ESA Swarm plasma density products against incoherent scatter radar (ISR) observations 
**Related manuscript:** *ESA Swarm Satellites Plasma Density Products: Comparison and Validation against Incoherent Scatter Radars Observations*  
**Corresponding author:** Alessio Pignalberi, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), alessio.pignalberi@ingv.it  

## Overview

This dataset contains plain-text tabular files used to compare and validate plasma/electron density products from the ESA Swarm mission against independent observations from three incoherent scatter radar facilities: Jicamarca, Arecibo, and Millstone Hill. The dataset support two complementary analyses:

1. **Climatological statistical comparison**, in which Swarm products, ISR observations, and empirical model outputs are grouped into comparable geophysical conditions defined by ISR location, altitude range, magnetic local time, season, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity.
2. **Point-wise conjunction comparison**, in which Swarm measurements are matched to ISR measurements under strict spatial, temporal, and altitude coincidence criteria.

The dataset is intended for reproducing the statistical analyses, residual distributions, and validation figures described in the associated manuscript, and for enabling further comparison of Swarm plasma density products under controlled geophysical conditions.