Developing Resilient Regional Circular Economies: Lessons for Policy and Industry

Rationale, Aims and Objectives
The transition to a circular economy (CE) is increasingly recognised as a key pathway towards more sustainable regional development. However, limited attention has been given to how regional policymakers and industry can work together to deliver CE initiatives within wider national and global economic systems. This research examined the potential for regional-scale CE strategies to support sustainability transitions through comparative case studies from North Humberside (England) and Styria (Austria), identifying key barriers, opportunities and practical implications for future regional policy and industry practice.

Research Findings
The research found that successful regional CE transitions depend on strong collaboration between policymakers, industry and other regional stakeholders. However, these efforts are often constrained by national policy frameworks, global supply chains and limited regional resources. Cost remains the primary factor influencing business decisions, frequently outweighing sustainability considerations. The findings also show that many companies operate beyond regional boundaries, making it more difficult to establish locally embedded CE networks. Overall, the study highlights the need for greater regional capacity, stronger cross-sector collaboration and more place-based approaches to support sustainable economic development.

Policy Implications
The findings from this research are particularly timely given Ireland's Circular Economy Strategy 2026–2028 and the anticipated EU Circular Economy Act. They suggest that policymakers require greater powers, funding and institutional capacity to support locally tailored CE initiatives. Improved coordination across policy sectors, together with more place-based approaches to development, would help address competing stakeholder priorities and strengthen collaboration between public authorities, industry and local partners to accelerate sustainable CE transitions. Greater policy integration across national, regional and local levels will be essential to maximise both environmental and economic benefits.

Industry Recommendations
Businesses should strengthen collaboration with regional policymakers, industry associations and other organisations to identify opportunities for CE partnerships and industrial symbiosis. As cost remains the primary driver of business decision-making, greater engagement with regional stakeholders can help develop commercially viable CE solutions while supporting wider sustainability objectives. Organisations should also recognise that successful CE initiatives depend on openness to cross-sector collaboration, stronger regional networks and the integration of CE principles into long-term business planning to enhance resilience, resource efficiency and competitiveness.