Published June 9, 2026
| Version v1
Journal article
Restricted
Reassessment of Incasarus (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae: Protandrenini) with the description of two new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)
Authors/Creators
- 1. Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- 2. Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada. & Research Associate, Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C6, Canada.
Description
Romero, Nora, Packer, Laurence (2026): Reassessment of Incasarus (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae: Protandrenini) with the description of two new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Zootaxa 5828 (2): 151-195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5828.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5828.2.1
Files
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
- URL
- https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/315810
- LSID
- urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BAB7936E-494B-4E82-98F0-9C1B249220B2
- LSID
- urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FF84FFE6FFCDBF73FFEFFFD2FFB63067
- URL
- http://publication.plazi.org/id/FF84FFE6FFCDBF73FFEFFFD2FFB63067
References
- Arengo, F., Porzecanski, A.L., Blair, M.E., Amato, G., Filardi, C. & Sterling, E.J. (2017) The essential role of museums in biodiversity conservation. In: The Future of Natural History Museums. Routledge, London, pp. 82-100. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315531892-6
- Arias, J.S. (2025) setk.run: a TNT script to estimate concavity constants under implied weighting. [unpublished script]
- Ascher, J.S. & Pickering, J. (2025) Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: https://www.discoverlife.org/ (accessed 11 Dec 2025)
- Bossert, S. & Neff, J.L. (2022) Seven replacement names for bees in the genus Protandrena Cockerell, 1896 (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae: Panurginae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 98 (3), 226-229. https://doi.org/10.3956/2022-98.3.226
- Bossert, S., Wood, T.J., Patiny, S., Michez, D., Almeida, E.A.B., Minckley, R.L., Packer, L., Neff, J.L., Copeland, R.S., Straka, J., Pauly, A., Griswold, T., Brady, S.G., Danforth, B.N. & Murray, E.A. (2022) Phylogeny, biogeography and diversification of the mining bee family Andrenidae. Systematic Entomology, 47 (2), 283-302. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12530
- Brothers, D.J. (1976) Modifications of the metapostnotum and origin of the "propodeal triangle" in Hymenoptera Aculeata. Systematic Entomology, 1 (3), 177-182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1976.tb00036.x
- Cockerell, T.D.A. (1896) The bees of the genus Andrena found in New Mexico. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 18, 78-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939608680413
- Ducke, A. (1907) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Solitarbienen Brasiliens. (Hym.). Zeitschrift fur Systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 7, 361-368.
- Ducke, A. (1912) Die naturlichen Bienengenera Sudamerikas. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 34, 51-116.
- Evenhuis, N.L. (2009) The insect and spider collections of the world website. Available from: http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/ codens/ (accessed 7 March 2025)
- Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39 (4), 783-791. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x
- Ferrari, R.R. & Packer, L. (2020) Morphological phylogeny and review of the generic classification of Colletinae (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 193 (1), 199-216. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa128
- Friese, H. (1908) Die Apidae (Blumenwespen) von Argentina nach den Reisenergebnissen der Herren A.C. Jensen-Haarup und P. Jorgensen in den Jahren 1904-1907. Flora und Fauna, 10, 1-94. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.14257
- Gerstaecker, A. (1868) Psaenythia, eine neue Bienengattung mit gezahnten Schienensporen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 34 (1), 111-137.
- Goloboff, P.A. (1993) Estimating character weights during tree search. Cladistics, 9, 83-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1993.tb00209.x
- Goloboff, P.A. (2022) From observations to optimal phylogenetic trees: phylogenetic analysis of morphological data. Vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 298 pp. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003220084
- Goloboff, P.A. (2022) Refining phylogenetic analyses: phylogenetic analysis of morphological data. Vol. 2. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 312 pp. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780367823412
- Goloboff, P.A. & Morales, M.E. (2023) TNT version 1.6, with a graphical interface for MacOS and Linux, including new routines in parallel. Cladistics, 39 (2), 144-153. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12524
- Gonzalez, V.H. & Engel, M.S. (2011) Andinopanurgus, a new Andean subgenus of Protandrena (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). ZooKeys, 126, 57-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.126.1676
- Gonzalez, V.H., Rasmussen, C. & Engel, M.S. (2013) Incasarus garciai, a new genus and species of panurgine bees from the Peruvian Andes (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Journal of Melittology, 8, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i8.4506
- Gonzalez, V.H., Rasmussen, C. & Engel, M.S. (2014) A new species of Liphanthus from Peru (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Journal of Melittology, 31, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i31.4720
- Harris, R.A. (1979) A glossary of surface sculpturing. Occasional Papers in Entomology, 28, 1-31.
- Lucas-de-Oliveira, B. & Moure, J.S. (1963) Nova posicao sistematica para Rhophitulus testaceus Ducke, 1907 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 35 (4), 575-584.
- Meira, O.M., Beutel, R.G., Pohl, H., van de Kamp, T., Almeida, E.A. & Boudinot, B.E. (2024) Bee morphology: a skeletomuscular anatomy of Thyreus (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of Morphology, 285 (8), e21751. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21751
- Michener, C.D. (2007) The bees of the world. 2nd Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 953 pp.
- Mir Sharifi, N., Graham, L. & Packer, L. (2019) Fifteen new species of Liphanthus Reed (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) with two submarginal cells. Zootaxa, 4645 (1), 1-80. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4645.1.1
- Monckton, S.K. (2016) A revision of Chilicola (Heteroediscelis), a subgenus of xeromelissine bees (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) endemic to Chile. ZooKeys, 591, 1-137. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.591.7731
- Moure, J.S., Urban, D. & Melo, G.A.R. (2022) Protandrenini Robertson, 1904. In: Moure, J.S., Urban, D. & Melo, G.A.R. (Orgs.), Catalogue of Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the Neotropical Region. Online Version. Available from: https:// www.moure.cria.org.br/catalogue (accessed 18 April 2026)
- Nixon, K.C. (1999) The parsimony ratchet, a new method for rapid parsimony analysis. Cladistics, 15 (4), 407-414. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1999.tb00277.x
- Nixon, K.C. (2004) ASADO, TNT-MrBayes Slaver version 2. Made available through the author. Available from http://www. cladistics.com (accessed 1 November 2020)
- Packer, L. (2021) Two new species of Andinopanurgus (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae: Panurginae), with a description of the female of A. amyae. Journal of Melittology, 101, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.17161/jom.i101.13338
- Plant, J. & Dubitzky, A. (2008) Relaxing bee specimens: a quick and easy method. Entomologica Austriaca, 15, 41-44.
- Prentice, M.A. (1998) The comparative morphology and phylogeny of apoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Unpublished PhD thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1439 pp.
- Ramos, K.D.S. (2014) Taxonomic revision of Parasarus (Hymenoptera: Apidae s.l.: Protandrenini), a South American genus of bees. Zoologia (Curitiba), 31, 503-515. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702014000500011
- Ramos, K.S. & Ruz, L. (2015) A new bee species of the genus Austropanurgus Toro (Andreninae: Protandrenini) from Chile. In: Aguiar, A.J.C., Goncalves, R.B. & Ramos, K.S. (Orgs.), Ensaios sobre as abelhas da Regiao Neotropical: homenagem aos 80 anos de Danuncia Urban. Editora UFPR, Curitiba, pp. 195-203.
- Ramos, K.S. & Melo, G.A.R. (2021) Three new genera of Protandrenini bees from South America (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Andreninae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 65, e20210096. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0096
- Ramos, K.S. & Rozen, J.G. (2014) Psaenythisca, a new genus of bees from South America (Apoidea:Andrenidae: Protandrenini), with a description of the nesting biology and immature stages of one species. American Museum Novitates, 3800, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1206/3800.1
- Roig-Alsina, A. (1993) The evolution of the apoid endophallus, its phylogenetic implications, and functional significance of the genital capsule (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Bollettino di Zoologia, 60 (1), 169-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250009309355807
- Robinson, S.J. (2023) A taxonomic revision of the subgenus Protandrena (Pterosarus) (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) in Canada and the United States. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 303 pp.
- Reed, E.C. (1894) Entomlojia [sic] Chilena. Anales de la Universidad [Santiago, Chile], 85, 599-653.
- Ruz, L. (1980) Pseudosarus, nuevo genero de Panurginae chileno (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Revista Chilena de Entomologia, 10, 25-28.
- Ruz, L. (1986) Classification and phylogenetic relationships of the panurgine bees (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 303 pp.
- Ruz, L. & Toro, H. (1983) Revision of the bee genus Liphanthus (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 52, 235-299.
- Santos, B.F., Payne, A., Pickett, K.M. & Carpenter, J.M. (2014) Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the paper wasp genus Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Cladistics, 31 (5), 535-549. https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12103
- Shorthouse, D.P. (2010) SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps. Available from: https://www. simplemappr.net/ (accessed 10 June 2025)
- Suarez, A.V. & Tsutsui, N.D. (2004) The value of museum collections for research and society. BioScience, 54 (1), 66-74. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0066:TVOMCF]2.0.CO;2
- Tapia, D. & Ruz, L. (2003) Cuatro nuevas especies de abejas del genero Liphanthus (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) para Chile y extension de su distribucion geografica. In: Melo, G.A.R. & Alves-dos-Santos, I. (Eds.), Apoidea Neotropica: homenagem aos 90 anos de Jesus Santiago Moure. UNESC, Criciuma, pp. 51-57.
- Toro, H. (1980) Austropanurgus, nuevo genero de Panurginae chileno (Andrenidae, Apoidea). Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso, 13, 209-212.
- Toro, H. (1989) Contribucion al conocimiento de los Panurginae chilenos (Apoidea: Andrenidae). Acta Entomologica Chilena, 15, 229-232.
- Vivallo, F. (2008) Liphanthus Reed, 1894 (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae: Protandrenini): two new Argentine species and keys to the species of the subgenera Liphanthus s. str. and Melaliphanthus Ruz & Toro, 1983. Zootaxa, 1854 (1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1854.1.5