P53 Expressions in Gall Bladder Lesions – An Immunohistochemical Study in Tertiary Care Centre

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the histomorphological spectrum of gallbladder lesions and assess p53 protein expression in benign, premalignant, and malignant conditions.

Materials and Methods: A prospective observationa study was conducted at Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad, involving 206 patients with histologically confirmed gallbladder lesions. Histopathological examination was performed using H&E staining, and p53 expression was assessed with immunohistochemistry.

Results: The mean age was 48.7 ± 12.4 years, with a female predominance (73.3%). Pain in the right upper quadrant (90.8%) was the most common symptom. Benign lesions made up 81.6%, with chronic calculous cholecystitis being most frequent (68.9%). Malignant lesions accounted for 18.4%, with adenocarcinoma as the major malignancy (17.5%). p53 overexpression was observed predominantly in malignant lesions (73.7%) and correlated with tumor grade, stage, and lymph node metastasis. Dysplastic lesions also showed p53 overexpression, suggesting its role in early neoplastic changes.

Conclusion: p53 overexpression is a significant marker of malignant transformation in gallbladder lesions. Immunohistochemistry for p53 is a valuable tool for diagnosing and prognosticating gallbladder carcinoma, particularly in identifying high-risk dysplastic lesions and aggressive tumors