EL IMPACTO DEL ESTRÉS OXIDATIVO Y LA ACTIVACIÓN INMUNOLÓGICA EN LA PATOGÉNESIS DE LA HIPERTENSIÓN: IMPLICACIONES MOLECULARES Y TERAPÉUTICAS
Authors/Creators
- 1. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Libre, Cali, Colombia
- 2. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
- 3. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Alexander von Humboldt, Armenia, Colombia
- 4. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Libre, Cali, Colombia.
Description
Tipo de artículo: Artículo de revisión
Introducción: La hipertensión arterial es una enfermedad compleja y multifactorial que afecta aproximadamente a 1 280 millones de adultos en el mundo y constituye un factor de riesgo mayor para enfermedad cerebrovascular, cardiopatía isquémica, insuficiencia cardíaca y enfermedad renal crónica. Pese a los avances terapéuticos, el control tensional sigue siendo subóptimo y persisten lagunas en la comprensión de los mecanismos moleculares implicados, en particular el estrés oxidativo.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa estructurada de la literatura publicada entre 2000 y 2025 en PubMed, Scopus y Embase mediante una estrategia PICO con descriptores MeSH y DeCS, siguiendo los principios de la declaración PRISMA.
Resultados: Las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) desempeñan un papel central al alterar la función celular y tisular en los sistemas cardiovascular, renal y nervioso. Las NADPH oxidasas, principales fuentes enzimáticas de ROS, participan en la disfunción endotelial, la remodelación vascular, el daño renal y la inflamación. La interacción del estrés oxidativo con la activación inmunológica, la microbiota intestinal y los factores ambientales amplifica el daño vascular. Conclusión: Comprender los mecanismos moleculares del estrés oxidativo y de la activación inmunológica es esencial para diseñar terapias más específicas y eficaces que optimicen el control de la presión arterial y reduzcan las complicaciones asociadas.
Abstract (English)
Article type: Review article
Introduction: Hypertension is a complex, multifactorial disease that affects approximately 1.28 billion adults worldwide and is a major risk factor for stroke, ischemic heart disease, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Despite therapeutic advances and recent guidelines such as the 2024 ESC and 2025 AHA/ACC, blood pressure control remains suboptimal and gaps persist in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly oxidative stress.
Methods: A structured narrative review of the literature published between 2000 and 2025 was performed in PubMed, Scopus and Embase using a PICO strategy with MeSH and DeCS descriptors and following PRISMA principles.
Results: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role by disrupting cellular and tissue function in the cardiovascular, renal and nervous systems. NADPH oxidases, the main enzymatic source of ROS, are involved in endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodelling, renal damage and inflammation. The interplay of oxidative stress with immune activation, the gut microbiota and environmental factors amplifies vascular injury.
Conclusion: Understanding the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and immune activation is essential to design more targeted and effective therapies that optimise blood pressure control and reduce associated complications.
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Additional details
Additional titles
- Translated title (English)
- THE IMPACT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND IMMUNE ACTIVATION ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF HYPERTENSION: MOLECULAR AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS
Dates
- Collected
-
2026-06-01manuscrito recibido
- Accepted
-
2026-07-07evaluación doble ciego
- Available
-
2026-07-29publicación en número de la revista
Software
- Repository URL
- https://revistacientificasanum.com/
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