Policy Recommendations

This White Paper presents the COcyber policy recommendations for strengthening civilian–defence cybersecurity coordination in Europe. It translates the project’s policy review, needs assessment, PESTEL analysis, national case studies and stakeholder validation into a sequenced implementation agenda for EU and national policymakers.

The recommendations focus on practical interoperability, trusted information sharing, protected incident reporting, joint exercises, skills, funding alignment, innovation uptake, dual-use guidance, hybrid-threat preparedness, post-quantum transition and continuous policy learning. 

The central objective is to help Europe move from fragmented cybersecurity coordination towards a preparedness model in which civilian and defence actors can cooperate before, during and after cyber incidents while preserving their distinct legal mandates and safeguards.