SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF 9-NITROANTHRACENE BASED ON THE NITRATION REACTION OF ANTHRACENE

This article studies the targeted synthesis of nitro derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in particular, the process of obtaining 9-nitroanthracene, which is an important intermediate in organic electronics and medicinal chemistry. Analysis of classical literature data shows that the formation of by-products such as polynitro derivatives and anthracene-9,10-dione (anthraquinone) in direct nitration reactions of the anthracene nucleus, as well as the low yield of the target product, are fundamental problems. In order to eliminate the shortcomings noted in this study and increase the efficiency of the process, an optimal preparative method for the synthesis of 9-nitroanthracene derivatives with high regioselectivity was developed and its kinetic laws were studied. The molecular and electronic structure of the synthesized subject was analyzed in depth using a set of modern physicochemical methods. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy revealed asymmetric (1520 ) and symmetric (1340 ) stretching vibrations of the nitro group and absorption bands of the bond, while ultraviolet (UV) spectra revealed bathochromic shifts due to π→π* and n→π* electronic transitions of the anthracene nucleus and the nature of the conjugated system. The results obtained are of significant practical importance in the field of molecular optoelectronics, sensors, and the synthesis of luminophores, and provide a basis for obtaining biologically active amino derivatives.