Published June 4, 2026
| Version v1
Taxonomic treatment
Open
Macrodon hamiltoniae var. irvinensis Foerste 1909
Authors/Creators
- 1. Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 49 a, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
- 2. SNSB - Bavarian State Collection for Palaeontology and Geology, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 10, 80333 Munich, Germany. & Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany. & Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands.
- 3. Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 49 a, 50674 Cologne, Germany. & Department of Geography, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 10, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
Description
Macrodon hamiltoniae var. irvinensis Foerste, 1909
Original source
Foerste (1909): 521, pl. 27 fig. 15a–c; originally as “ hamiltoniae-irvinensis var. nov.”.
Type stratum and age
“Bedford-Berea”; upper Famennian, Upper Devonian (Over 2021).
Type locality
“ Indian Fields, Irvine, Kentucky ”, United States of America.
Type material
Syntype (USNM PAL 78759) stored at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Paleobiology Collection, Washington, D.C.
Remarks
The variety was raised to species level and placed in Parallelodon by Hyde (1953: 300), Driscoll (1965: 99) and and Pashin & Ettensohn (1992: 28).
Notes
Published as part of Friedel, Julia C., Neubauer, Thomas A. & Amler, Michael R. W., 2026, A nomenclator of the Palaeozoic taxa of the family Parallelodontidae (Bivalvia, Arcida), pp. 1-136 in European Journal of Taxonomy 1065 on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1065.3289, http://zenodo.org/record/20641002
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- USNM
- Material sample ID
- USNM PAL 78759
- Scientific name authorship
- Foerste
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Mollusca
- Order
- Arcida
- Family
- Parallelodontidae
- Genus
- Macrodon
- Species
- irvinensis
- Taxon rank
- variety
- Type status
- syntype
- Taxonomic concept label
- Macrodon hamiltoniae var. irvinensis Foerste, 1909 sec. Friedel, Neubauer & Amler, 2026
References
- Foerste A. F. 1909. The Bedford fauna at Indian Fields and Irvine, Kentucky. The Ohio Naturalist 9: 515-523. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2900747 [accessed 16 Oct. 2025].
- Over D. J. 2021. The Devonian - Carboniferous boundary in the United States. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 101 (2): 529-540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-020-00428-1
- Hyde J. E. 1953. The Mississippian formations of central and southern Ohio. Ohio Division of Geological Survey, Bulletin 51: 1-355.
- Driscoll E. G. 1965. Dimyrian pelecypods of the Mississippian Marshall Sandstone of Michigan. Palaeontographica Americana 5: 63-128. Available from https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10688337 [accessed 16 Oct. 2025].
- Pashin J. C. & Ettensohn F. R. 1992. Paleoecology and sedimentology of the dysaerobic Bedford fauna (Late Devonian), Ohio and Kentucky (USA). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 91: 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(92)90029-5