SCIENCE AND CULTURE DURING THE ERA OF AMIR TEMUR AND THE TIMURIDS

Abstract: The period of Amir Temur and the Timurid dynasty occupies a unique place in the history of Central Asia, particularly in the development of science, education, literature, architecture, and cultural life. This era, spanning the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, is often described as a cultural renaissance in the East due to the extraordinary flourishing of intellectual and artistic activities. Under the political leadership of Amir Temur and later Timurid rulers such as Ulugh Beg, major scientific institutions, libraries, madrasas, and observatories were established, creating a favorable environment for scholars, poets, architects, and philosophers. This study analyzes the development of science and culture during the Timurid era by examining historical sources and scholarly literature from both international and Uzbek academic traditions. Using qualitative historical analysis and comparative literature review, the article explores how state patronage, urban development, and intellectual exchange contributed to scientific progress and cultural transformation. The findings show that the Timurid era significantly advanced astronomy, mathematics, medicine, historiography, literature, and monumental architecture, leaving a lasting legacy on world civilization.

Keywords: Timurid Renaissance, Amir Temur, science, culture, Central Asia, architecture, astronomy