PREDICTORS OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN NEWBORNS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains one of the most severe diseases of 
the neonatal period and is associated with high mortality and a significant risk of serious 
complications in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to analyze current evidence 
regarding predictors of NEC development, evaluate their prognostic significance, and assess 
the possibilities for early diagnosis. Clinical, perinatal, laboratory, and instrumental markers 
are discussed, along with the prospects for integrating multifactorial prediction models. 
Particular attention is paid to biomarkers of intestinal injury, alterations in gut microbiota, 
and emerging technologies aimed at improving the early identification of high-risk neonates. 
The development of comprehensive predictive approaches may contribute to personalized 
management and improved outcomes in newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis.