Comparison of TALYS and EMPIRE results for 177Lu production yield assessment using Deuteron Particles from compact cyclotron
Authors/Creators
- 1. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen|School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
Description
Background. The radioisotope lutetium-177 (177Lu) has been suggested for utilizing in radio-immunotherapy. Now, 177Lu is mainly produced by neutron activation through nuclear reactors, although cyclotron-based radioisotope generation may also be assessed.
Methods. In this investigation, the small cyclotron located in Karaj, Iran, with a maximum deuteron energy of 14 MeV, was simulated to generate 177Lu using a 176Yb target with the TALYS and EMPIRE codes. Here, the generation yield of the 176Yb(d,p)177Yb→177Lu reaction was computed via different incident energies.
Results. The estimated cross-section amounts of the reaction (d,p) and its rival reaction (d,x) were compared with other reports. The maximum cross-section amount for the (d,p) interaction was evaluated to be 125 mb at 10.5 MeV and for the (d,x) interaction to be 121 mb at 9.5 MeV. Through Pade fitting, the computed production yields were 315 and 319 MBq/µA.h at 14 MeV deuteron energy from TALYS and EMIRE simulators, respectively.
Conclusion. For a one-hour irradiation at 100 μA beam current, the activity was approximately estimated 31.5 GBq of 177Lu at 14 MeV. The EMPIRE code's Fermi Gas Model offers computational efficiency and predictive capability for unknown nuclei, though its limitations at low excitation energies and for deformed nuclei introduce systematic uncertainties. Further experimental validation of the calculated cross-sections and development of efficient targetry and separation chemistry are recommended for practical implementation of this cyclotron-based production route.
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