Translucent Structural Steel (MoO₂): Genetic Algorithm + DFT + FEM — Corrected Dataset v3
Authors/Creators
- 1. Centro Universitário Sagrado Coração (UNISAGRADO)
Description
⚠ RETRACTION NOTICE — THE CENTRAL CONCLUSION OF THIS DATASET IS NOT VALID
The author has established that molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) is a metallic conductor and therefore cannot be a translucent structural material. A query to the AFLOW repository returns 24 Mo–O entries with computed band gap, of which 14 are zero, including all nine entries of the dioxide and the seven of the monoclinic P21/c phase that is stable at ambient conditions. A metallic conductor attenuates visible light by four orders of magnitude in a 1 mm plate.
The error is methodological, not numerical: the frontier molecular orbital gap of a diatomic Mo–O cluster was used as the band gap of the solid. The corrections introduced in v2 and v3 do not rescue the conclusion — they address the electronic ground state of the cluster, which is the wrong quantity for a solid. The corrected value of 2.012 eV corresponds to a 616 nm cut-off, which would describe a dark red material, not a translucent one.
What survives: the stiffness claim — from the crystal elastic tensor, E = 247.0 GPa. What does not survive: the optical claim, and with it the combination of stiffness and transparency that motivated the work.
The corresponding journal article has been retracted at the author's own request. The files below are kept unchanged and openly accessible in order to preserve the record.
⚠ AVISO DE RETRATAÇÃO — A CONCLUSÃO CENTRAL DESTE CONJUNTO DE DADOS NÃO É VÁLIDA
O autor verificou que o dióxido de molibdênio (MoO2) é um condutor metálico e, portanto, não pode ser um material estrutural translúcido. Consulta ao repositório AFLOW devolve 24 entradas do sistema Mo–O com gap de banda calculado, das quais 14 são nulas, incluindo as nove do dióxido e as sete da fase monoclínica P21/c estável em condição ambiente. Um condutor metálico atenua a luz visível por quatro ordens de grandeza numa placa de 1 mm.
O erro é metodológico, não numérico: o gap entre orbitais moleculares de fronteira de um agregado diatômico Mo–O foi usado como gap de banda do sólido. As correções das versões v2 e v3 não salvam a conclusão — elas tratam do estado eletrônico do agregado, que é a grandeza errada para um sólido. O valor corrigido de 2,012 eV corresponde a um corte em 616 nm, que descreveria um material vermelho-escuro, não translúcido.
O que sobrevive: a afirmação de rigidez — pelo tensor elástico do cristal, E = 247,0 GPa. O que não sobrevive: a afirmação óptica, e com ela a conjunção de rigidez e transparência que dava sentido ao trabalho.
O artigo de periódico correspondente foi retratado a pedido do próprio autor. Os arquivos abaixo permanecem inalterados e em acesso aberto, para preservar o registro.
Version 3 — Corrected electronic ground state (June 2026)
This dataset accompanies the manuscript 'Translucent Structural Steel Based on MoO₂: Computational Design via Genetic Algorithms, Density Functional Theory, and Finite Element Structural Validation' (Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Elsevier).
Correction in v3 (vs. v2): the diatomic Mo–O potential energy surface in v2 had two off-curve points caused by SCF convergence to an excited solution. Re-running with a robust, stability-checked SCF protocol revealed that the root cause was the spin state: v2 used the triplet, but the ground state (matching the experimental ⁵Δ) is the quintet. Confirmed at the same level (UB3LYP/def2-SVP+ECP28, PySCF 2.13): the quintet lies below the triplet throughout the well (≈ 4.9 kcal/mol near equilibrium), the PES is smooth, and the solution is essentially spin-pure (⟨S²⟩ = 6.03).
Corrected DFT values (quintet ⁵Δ): r_eq = 1.6956 Å, E = −143.3043 Eh, HOMO–LUMO gap = 2.012 eV, dipole = 3.19 D, ν = 975.2 cm⁻¹ (experimental 897–1009 cm⁻¹).
Unchanged from v2: structural/optical results — E = 288.6 GPa (Voigt–Reuss–Hill, Taib et al. 2019), n = 2.03, T ≈ 45%, and the full FEM analysis (anastruct; W14×211 columns / W12×190 beams; σmax = 251.9 MPa = 76.3% fy; all load combinations PASS).
Version history: v1 (10.5281/zenodo.14345994) contained an ORCA H₂O simulation in error; v2 (10.5281/zenodo.20263263) corrected this to a PySCF Mo–O calculation but in the triplet state; v3 corrects the ground state to the quintet ⁵Δ.
Patent: BR 10 2024 024314-5 (INPI, Brazil)
Author: Luiz Ricardo Mantovani da Silva — UNISAGRADO, Bauru, SP, Brazil
Notes
Files
fig1_PES_MoO.png
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