Figure 22 Proposed classification of Geadephaga. Footnotes: [1] Laccocenus and Psydrus + Nomius are paraphyletic in our analysis. [2] Gehringia is placed with Cymbionotum rendering a Melaeniini (as Cymbionotum + Melaenus) paraphyletic. [3] Pseudozaena and Sphaerostylus are weakly supported as sister to Paussini. [4] Stereostoma and Morionidius are excluded from Morionini and placed with strong support with Chaetodactylini. [5] Sampling of zuphiines was limited to five species, chosen to represent three of the four subtribes (the Canaria Island endemic Dicrodontina not included). The five included are a small sample of the more than 20 genera currently recognized which have a worldwide distribution and include a significant amount of morphological diversity. Given this uncertainty we continue to recognize this assemblage as a tribe. [6] Agonica and Pseudagonica are excluded from Peleciini and placed in Pterostichini with very strong support. [7] A strongly supported Chaetodactylini is newly constituted to include (among others) Stereostoma, Microcheila, Chaetodactyla, Morionidius. [8] Drimostomatini excludes Trichillinus, Barylaus, and Cyrtolaus, which are moved to Ctenodactylini. [9] Perigonini includes Dirotus. [10] The oodine Systolocranius is placed as sister to Tefflus in what is otherwise a clade of panagaeines. This relationship is not well supported. [11] Our concept of Oodini excludes dercylines and chaetogenyines, both previously thought to be related to oodines. Other taxa often associated with oodines (Geobaenus, Melanchrous, Melanchitonini) are excluded as they are not placed in the panagaeite clade. [12] Recognition of Zabrini and Ctenodactylini, and the placement of euchroines with sphodrines, renders Pterostichini paraphyletic. Appropriate ranking of the included clades awaits denser sampling and may require recognizing some clades as tribes. [13] Ctenodactylini includes taxa previously treated as drimostomatines, hexagonines, and ctenodactylines. [14] Lachnophorini forms a grade in our analyses. [15] Lebiini includes taxa formerly in Cyclosomini.