Published November 28, 2023
| Version v1
Journal article
Restricted
In the Lyme light: individual trait determinants of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in Peromyscus mice
Authors/Creators
Description
Yen, Ivy, Gardner, Allison, Mortelliti, Alessio (2024): In the Lyme light: individual trait determinants of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in Peromyscus mice. Journal of Mammalogy 105 (1): 143-156, DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyad108, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyad108
Files
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
- LSID
- urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:144089771963E73DFFCDFFB1FB52D037
References
- Adeolu M, Gupta RS. 2014. A phylogenomic and molecular marker based proposal for the division of the genus Borrelia into two genera: the emended genus Borrelia containing only the members of the relapsing fever Borrelia, and the genus Borreliella gen. nov. containing the members of the Lyme disease Borrelia (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 105(6):1049-1072. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10482-014-0164-x
- Adler GH, Telford SR, Wilson ML, Spielman A. 1992. Vegetation structure influences the burden of immature Ixodes dammini on its main host, Peromyscus leucopus. Parasitology 105 (Pt 1):105-110. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000073741
- Alkishe A, Raghavan RK, Peterson AT. 2021. Likely geographic distributional shifts among medically important tick species and tick-associated diseases under climate change in North America: a review. Insects 12(3):225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ insects12030225
- Arneberg P, Skorping A, Read AF. 1998. Parasite abundance, body size, life histories, and the energetic equivalence rule. The American Naturalist 151(6):497-513. https://doi. org/10.1086/286136
- Bailey M, Green S. 2021. The 2019 Statewide Economic Contribution of Maine's Forest Products Sector. Margaret Chase Smith Policy Center, Augusta (ME). Economic Development 19. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mcspc_ecodev_articles/19.
- Barber I, Dingemanse NJ. 2010. Parasitism and the evolutionary ecology of animal personality. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences 365(1560):4077-4088. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0182
- Barbour AG. 2017. Infection resistance and tolerance in Peromyscus spp, natural reservoirs of microbes that are virulent for humans. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 61:115-122. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.002
- Barbour AG, Adeolu M, Gupta RS. 2017. Division of the genus Borrelia into two genera (corresponding to Lyme disease and relapsing fever groups) reflects their genetic and phenotypic distinctiveness and will lead to a better understanding of these two groups of microbes (Margos et al. 2016). There is inadequate evidence to support the division of the genus Borrelia. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67(6):2058-2067. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001815
- Barbour AG, Bunikis J, Fish D, Hanincova K. 2015. Association between body size and reservoir competence of mammals bearing Borrelia burgdorferi at an endemic site in the northeastern United States. Parasites & Vectors 8(299). https://doi. org/10.1186/s13071-015-0903-5
- Bell AM, Hankison SJ, Laskowski KL. 2014. The repeatability of behaviour: a meta-analysis. Animal Behavior 77(4):771-783. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.12.022
- Bisanzio D, Fernandez MP, Martello E, Reithinger R, Diuk-Wasser MA. 2020. Current and future spatiotemporal patterns of Lyme disease reporting in the Northeastern United States. JAMA Network Open 3(3):e200319. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jamanetworkopen.2020.0319
- Bowman J, Forbes GJ, Dilworth TG. 2001. Distances moved by small woodland rodents within large trapping grids. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 115(1):64-67.
- Box GEP, Cox DR. 1964. An analysis of transformations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Methodological) 26(2):211- 243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1964.tb00553.x
- Brehm AM, Mortelliti A. 2018. Mind the trap: large-scale field experiment shows that trappability is not a proxy for personality. Animal Behaviour 142:101-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
- Brehm AM, Mortelliti A. 2021. Land- use change alters associations between personality and microhabitat selection. Ecological Applications 31(8):e02443. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2443
- Brehm AM, Mortelliti A. 2022. Small mammal personalities generate context dependence in the seed dispersal mutualism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119(15):e2113870119. https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.2113870119
- Brehm AM, Tironi S, Mortelliti A. 2020. Effects of trap confinement on personality measurements in two terrestrial rodents. PLoS One 15(1):e0221136. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221136
- Brissette JC, Kenefic LS. 2014. History of the Penobscot Experimental Forest, 1950-2010. In: Penobscot Experimental Forest: 60 years of research and demonstration in Maine, 1950-2010. GTR- NRS-P-123 United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Ed. Newtown Square (PA): USDA Forest Service; p. 1-20.
- Broecke BV, Marien J, Sabuni CA, Mnyone L, Massawe AW, Matthysen E, Leirs H. 2019. Relationship between population density and viral infection: a role for personality? Ecology and Evolution 9(18):10213-10224. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5541
- Brunner JL, Logiudice K, Ostfeld RS. 2008. Estimating reservoir competence of Borrelia burgdorferi hosts: prevalence and infectivity, sensitivity, and specificity. Journal of Medical Entomology 45(1):139-147. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/45.1.139
- Bunnell JE, Price SD, Das A, Shields TM, Glass GE. 2003. Geographic Information Systems and spatial analysis of adult Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Middle Atlantic region of the USA. Journal of Medical Entomology 40(4):570-576. https://doi. org/10.1603/0022-2585-40.4.570
- Burnham KP, Anderson DR. 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. 2nd ed. New York (NY, USA): Springer Nature.
- Burnham KP, Anderson DR, Huyvaert KP. 2011. AIC model selection and multimodel inference in behavioral ecology: some background, observations, and comparisons. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 65(1):23-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/
- s00265-010-1029-6 Carter AJ, Feeney WE, Marshall HH, Cowlishaw G, Heinsohn R. 2013.
- Choleris E, Thomas AW, Kavaliers M, Prato FS. 2001. A detailed ethological analysis of the mouse open field test: effects of diazepam, chlordiazepoxide and an extremely low frequency pulsed magnetic field. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 25(3):235-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0149-7634(01)00011-2
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. 2021. Lyme disease maps: most recent year. [accessed 12 Jun 2022]. www.cdc. gov/lyme/datasurveillance/maps-recent.html.
- Conte CE, Leahy JE, Gardner AM. 2021. Active forest management reduces blacklegged tick and tick-borne pathogen exposure risk. EcoHealth 18(2):157-168. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10393-021-01531-1
- Dingemanse NJ, Dochtermann NA. 2013. Quantifying individual variation in behaviour: mixed-effect modelling approaches. The Journal of Animal Ecology 82(1):39-54. https://doi. org/10.1111/1365-2656.12013
- Dingemanse NJ, Moiron M, Araya-Ajoy YG, Mouchet A, Abbey- Lee RN. 2020. Individual variation in age-dependent reproduction: fast explorers live fast but senesce young? The Journal of Animal Ecology 89(2):601-613. https://doi. org/10.1111/1365-2656.13122
- Diuk-Wasser MA, Vourc'h G, Cislo P, Hoen AG, Melton F, Hamer SA, Rowland M, Cortinas R, Hickling GJ, Tsao JI, et al. 2010. Field and climate-based model for predicting the density of host-seeking nymphal Ixodes scapularis, an important vector of tick-borne disease agents in the eastern United States. Global Ecology and Biogeography 19(4):504-514. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00526.x
- Dizney L, Dearing MD. 2013. The role of behavioural heterogeneity on infection patterns: implications for pathogen transmission. Animal Behavior 86(5):911-916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
- Dobson A. 2004. Population dynamics of pathogens with multiple host species. The American Naturalist 164(Suppl 5):S64-S78. https://doi.org/10.1086/424681
- Dooley JL, Dueser RD. 1990. An experimental examination of nestsite segregation by two Peromyscus species. Ecology 71(2):788- 796. https://doi.org/10.2307/1940330
- Dormann CF, Elith J, Bacher S, Buchmann C, Carl G, Carre G, Marquez JRG, Gruber B, Lafourcade B, Leitao PJ, et al. 2013. Collinearity: a review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance. Ecography 36(1):27-46. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07348.x
- Dueser RD, Shugart HH. 1978. Microhabitats in a forest-floor small mammal fauna. Ecology 59(1):89-98. https://doi. org/10.2307/1936634
- Ehrmann S, Ruyts SC, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Bauhus J, Brunet J, Cousins SAO, Deconchat M, Decocq G, De Frenne P, De Smedt P, et al. 2018. Habitat properties are key drivers of Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) prevalence in Ixodes ricinus populations of deciduous forest fragments. Parasites & Vectors 11(1):23. https://doi. org/10.1186/s13071-017-2590-x
- Eisen RJ, Eisen L. 2018. The Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes scapularis: an increasing public health concern. Trends in Parasitology 34(4):295-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2017.12.006
- Estrada-Pena A, de la Fuente J. 2014. The ecology of ticks and epidemiology of tick-borne viral diseases. Antiviral Research 108:104- 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.05.016
- Ezenwa VO, Archie EA, Craft ME, Hawley DM, Martin LB, Moore J, White L. 2016. Host behaviour -parasite feedback: an essential link between animal behaviour and disease ecology. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B: Biological Sciences 283(1828):20153078. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.3078
- Filion A, Eriksson A, Jorge F, Niebuhr CN, Poulin R. 2020. Large-scale disease patterns explained by climatic seasonality and host traits. Oecologia 194(4):723-733. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00442-020-04782-x
- Fisher JT, Wilkinson L. 2005. The response of mammals to forest fire and timber harvest in the North American boreal forest. Mammal Review 35(1):51-81. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.2005.00053.x
- Gardner AM, Pawlikowski NC, Hamer SA, Hickling GJ, Miller JR, Schotthoefer AM, Tsao JI, Allan BF. 2020. Landscape features predict the current and forecast the future geographic spread of Lyme disease. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B: Biological Sciences 287(1941):20202278. https://doi.org/10.1098/
- Gasperini S, Mortelliti A, Bartolommei P, Bonacchi A, Manzo E, Cozzolino R. 2016. Effects of forest management on density and survival in three forest rodent species. Forest Ecology and Management 382:151-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. foreco.2016.10.014
- Gharnit E, Bergeron P, Garant D, Reale D. 2020. Exploration profiles drive activity patterns and temporal niche specialization in a wild rodent. Behavioral Ecology 31(3):772-783. https://doi. org/10.1093/beheco/araa022
- Ginsberg HS, Buckley PA, Balmforth MG, Zhioua E, Mitra S, Buckley FG. 2005. Reservoir competence of native North American birds for the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Journal of Medical Entomology 42(3):445-449. https://doi.org/10.1093/ jmedent/42.3.445
- Gracceva G, Herde A, Groothuis TGG, Koolhaas JM, Palme R, Eccard JA. 2014. Turning shy on a winter's day: effects of season on personality and stress response in Microtus arvalis. Ethology 120(8):753-767. https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.12246
- Graves S, Maldonado J, Wolff JO. 1988. Use of ground and arboreal microhabitats by Peromyscus leucopus and Peromyscus maniculatus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66(1):277-278. https://doi. org/10.1139/z88-040
- Harrison A, Scantlebury M, Montgomery WI. 2010. Body mass and sex-biased parasitism in wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus. Oikos 119(7):1099-1104. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.18072.x
- Hawley DM, Altizer SM. 2011. Disease ecology meets ecological immunology: understanding the links between organismal immunity and infection dynamics in natural populations. Functional Ecology 25(1):48-60. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01753.x
- Hersh MH, LaDeau SL, Previtali MA, Ostfeld RS. 2014. When is a parasite not a parasite? Effects of larval tick burdens on white-footed mouse survival. Ecology 95(5):1360-1369. https://doi. org/10.1890/12-2156.1
- Jacques-Hamilton R, Hall ML, Buttemer WA, Matson KD, Goncalves da Silva A, Mulder RA, Peters A. 2017. Personality and innate immune defenses in a wild bird: evidence for the pace-of-life hypothesis. Hormones and Behavior 88:31-40. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.09.005
- James MC, Bowman AS, Forbes KJ, Lewis F, Mcleod JE, Gilbert L. 2013. Environmental determinants of Ixodes ricinus ticks and the incidence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the agent of Lyme borreliosis, in Scotland. Parasitology 140(2):237-246. https://doi. org/10.1017/S003118201200145X
- Keesing F, Brunner J, Duerr S, Killilea M, LoGiudice K, Schmidt K, Vuong H, Ostfeld RS. 2009. Hosts as ecological traps for the vector of Lyme disease. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B: Biological Sciences 276(1675):3911-3919. https://doi. org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1159
- Kellner KF, Swihart RK. 2014. Changes in small mammal microhabitat use following silvicultural disturbance. The American Midland Naturalist 172(2):348-358. https://doi. org/10.1674/0003-0031-172.2.348
- Kiffner C, Vor T, Hagedorn P, Niedrig M, Ruhe F. 2011. Factors affecting patterns of tick parasitism on forest rodents in tick-borne encephalitis risk areas, Germany. Parasitology Research 108(2):323-335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2065-x
- Kilpatrick AM, Dobson ADM, Levi T, Salkeld DJ, Swei A, Ginsberg HS, Kjemtrup A, Padgett KA, Jensen PM, Fish D, et al. 2017. Lyme disease ecology in a changing world: consensus, uncertainty and critical gaps for improving control. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences 372(1722):20160117. https://doi. org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0117
- Kortet R, Hedrick AV, Vainikka A. 2010. Parasitism, predation and the evolution of animal personalities: personalities and parasitism. Ecology Letters 13(12):1449-1458. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01536.x
- Kurtenbach K, Hanincova K, Tsao JI, Margos G, Fish D, Ogden NH. 2006. Fundamental processes in the evolutionary ecology of Lyme borreliosis. Nature Reviews Microbiology 4(9):660-669. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1475
- Larson RT, Bron GM, Lee X, Zembsch TE, Siy PN, Paskewitz SM. 2021. Peromyscus maniculatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae): an overlooked reservoir of tick-borne pathogens in the Midwest, USA? Ecosphere 12(11):e03831. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3831
- Larson SR, Lee X, Paskewitz SM. 2018. Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in two species of Peromyscus mice common in northern Wisconsin. Journal of Medical Entomology 55(4):1002-1010. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjy027
- Lee KA, Wikelski M, Robinson WD, Robinson TR, Klasing KC. 2008. Constitutive immune defences correlate with life-history variables in tropical birds. The Journal of Animal Ecology 77(2):356- 363. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01347.x
- Lubelczyk CB, Elias SP, Rand PW, Holman MS, Lacombe EH, Smith RP Jr. 2004. Habitat associations of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Maine. Environmental Entomology 33(4):900-906. https://doi. org/10.1603/0046-225x-33.4.900
- Martin JGA, Reale D. 2008. Temperament, risk assessment and habituation to novelty in eastern chipmunks, Tamias striatus. Animal Behaviour 75(1):309-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
- Martin JGAA, Nussey DH, Wilson AJ, Reale D. 2011. Measuring individual differences in reaction norms in field and experimental studies: a power analysis of random regression models. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2(4):362-374. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00084.x
- Merrick MJ, Koprowski JL. 2017. Should we consider individual behavior differences in applied wildlife conservation studies? Biological Conservation 209:34-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. biocon.2017.01.021
- Merz MR, Boone SR, Mortelliti A. 2023. Predation risk and personality influence seed predation and dispersal by a scatter-hoarding small mammal. Ecosphere 14(1):e4377. https://doi.org/10.1002/ ecs2.4377
- Moore SL, Wilson K. 2002. Parasites as a viability cost of sexual selection in natural populations of mammals. Science 297(5589):2015-2018. https://doi.org/10.1126/ science.1074196
- Mortelliti A, Brehm AM. 2020. Environmental heterogeneity and population density affect the functional diversity of personality traits in small mammal populations. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B: Biological Sciences 287(1940):20201713. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1713
- Mysterud A, Byrkjeland R, Qviller L, Viljugrein H. 2015. The generalist tick Ixodes ricinus and the specialist tick Ixodes trianguliceps on shrews and rodents in a northern forest ecosystem -a role of body size even among small hosts. Parasites Vectors 8(1):639. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-1258-7
- Nakagawa S, Schielzeth H. 2010. Repeatability for Gaussian and non-Gaussian data: a practical guide for biologists. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 85(4):935-956. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00141.x
- Ogden NH, Radojevic M, Wu X, Duvvuri VR, Leighton PA, Wu J. 2014. Estimated effects of projected climate change on the basic reproductive number of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis. Environmental Health Perspectives 122(6):631-638. https:// doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307799
- Ostfeld RS, Keesing F. 2000. Biodiversity and disease risk: the case of Lyme disease. Conservation Biology 14(3):722-728. https://doi. org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99014.x
- Ostfeld RS, Levi T, Jolles AE, Martin LB, Hosseini PR, Keesing F. 2014. Life history and demographic drivers of reservoir competence for three tick-borne zoonotic pathogens. PLoS One 9(9):e107387. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107387
- Pardanani N, Mather TN. 2004. Lack of spatial autocorrelation in fine-scale distributions of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 41(5):861-864. https://doi. org/10.1603/0022-2585-41.5.861
- Patterson LD, Schulte-Hostedde AI. 2011. Behavioural correlates of parasitism and reproductive success in male eastern chipmunks, Tamias striatus. Animal Behaviour 81(6):1129-1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.02.016
- Peig J, Green AJ. 2010. The paradigm of body condition: a critical reappraisal of current methods based on mass and length. Functional Ecology 24(6):1323-1332. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01751.x
- Perkins SE, Cattadori IM, Tagliapietra V, Rizzoli AP, Hudson PJ. 2003. Empirical evidence for key hosts in persistence of a tick-borne disease. International Journal for Parasitology 33(9):909-917. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(03)00128-0
- Price MV, Kramer KA. 2016. On measuring microhabitat affinities with special reference to small mammals. Oikos 42(3):349-354. https://doi.org/10.2307/3544404
- Rand P, Lacombe E, Smith R, Rich S, Kilpatrick C, Dragoni C, Caporale D. 1993. Competence of Peromyscus maniculatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) as a reservoir host for Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochaetares: Spirochaetaceae) in the wild. Journal of Medical Entomology 30(3):614-618. https://doi.org/10.1093/ jmedent/30.3.614
- Reale D, Garant D, Humphries MM, Bergeron P, Careau V, Montiglio PO. 2010. Personality and the emergence of the pace-of-life syndrome concept at the population level. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences 365(1560):4051-4063. https://doi.org/10.1098/ rstb.2010.0208
- Reale D, Reader SM, Sol D, McDougall PT, Dingemanse NJ. 2007. Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 82(2):291-318. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2007.00010.x
- Richter D, Schlee DB, Matuschka FR. 2011. Reservoir competence of various rodents for the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia spielmanii. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77(11):3565- 3570. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00022-11
- Rosenberg R, Lindsey NP, Fischer M, Gregory CJ, Hinckley AF, Mead PS, Paz-Bailey G, Waterman SH, Drexler NA, Kersh GJ, et al. 2018. Vital signs: trends in reported vectorborne disease cases - United States and Territories, 2004-2016. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67(17):496-501. https://doi. org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6717e1
- Rounsville TF, Dill GM, Bryant AM, Desjardins CC, Dill JF. 2021. Statewide passive surveillance of Ixodes scapularis and associated pathogens in Maine. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) 21(6):406-412. https://doi.org/10.1089/ vbz.2020.2724
- Roy-Dufresne E, Logan T, Simon JA, Chmura GL, Millien V. 2013. Poleward expansion of the White-footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) under climate change: implications for the spread of Lyme disease. PLoS One 8(11):e80724. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0080724
- Santicchia F, Romeo C, Ferrari N, Matthysen E, Vanlauwe L, Wauters LA, Martinoli A. 2019. The price of being bold? Relationship between personality and endoparasitic infection in a tree squirrel. Mammalian Biology 97:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
- Santicchia F, Wauters LA, Piscitelli AP, Van Dongen S, Martinoli A, Preatoni D, Romeo C, Ferrari N. 2020. Spillover of an alien parasite reduces expression of costly behaviour in native host species. The Journal of Animal Ecology 89(7):1559-1569. https://doi. org/10.1111/1365-2656.13219
- Schauber EM, Ostfeld RS. 2002. Modeling the effects of reservoir competence decay and demographic turnover in Lyme disease ecology. Ecological Applications 12(4):1142-1162. https://doi. org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1142:mteorc]2.0.co;2
- Schirmer A, Herde A, Eccard JA, Dammhahn M. 2019. Individuals in space: personality-dependent space use, movement and microhabitat use facilitate individual spatial niche specialization. Oecologia 189(3):647-660. https://doi.org/10.1007/
- s00442-019-04365-5 Schwanz LE, Voordouw MJ, Brisson D, Ostfeld RS. 2011. Borrelia burgdorferi has minimal impact on the Lyme disease reservoir host Peromyscus leucopus. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) 11(2):117-124. https://doi.org/10.1089/ vbz.2009.0215
- Sih A, Mathot KJ, Moiron M, Montiglio PO, Wolf M, Dingemanse NJ. 2015. Animal personality and state -behaviour feedbacks: a review and guide for empiricists. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30(1):50-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.11.004
- Sih A, Spiegel O, Godfrey S, Leu S, Bull CM. 2018. Integrating social networks, animal personalities, movement ecology and parasites: a framework with examples from a lizard. Animal Behaviour 136:195-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. anbehav.2017.09.008
- Sikes RS, The Animal Care and Use Committee of the American Society of Mammalogists. 2016. 2016 Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research and education. Journal of Mammalogy 97(3):663-688. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw078
- Sozio G, Mortelliti A. 2016. Empirical evaluation of the strength of interspecific competition in shaping small mammal communities in fragmented landscapes. Landscape Ecology 31(4):775- 789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0286-1
- Stafford KC III, Ward JS, Magnarelli LA. 1998. Impact of controlled burns on the abundance of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 35(4):510-513. https://doi. org/10.1093/jmedent/35.4.510
- Stoffel MA, Nakagawa S, Schielzeth H. 2017. rptR: repeatability estimation and variance decomposition by generalized linear mixed-effects models. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 8(11):1639-1644. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12797
- Stone BL, Tourand Y, Brissette CA. 2017. Brave New Worlds: the expanding universe of Lyme disease. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) 17(9):619-629. https://doi. org/10.1089/vbz.2017.2127
- Tompkins DM, Dunn AM, Smith MJ, Telfer S. 2011. Wildlife diseases: from individuals to ecosystems. The Journal of Animal Ecology 80(1):19-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01742.x
- Underhill V, Pandelis GG, Papuga J, Sabol AC, Rife A, Rubi T, Hoffman SMG, Dantzer B. 2021. Personality and behavioral syndromes in two Peromyscus species: presence, lack of state dependence, and lack of association with home range size. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 75(1):9. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00265-020-02951-9
- VanderWaal KL, Ezenwa VO. 2016. Heterogeneity in pathogen transmission: mechanisms and methodology. Functional Ecology 30(10):1606-1622. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12645
- Volk MR, Lubelczyk CB, Johnston JC, Levesque DL, Gardner AM. 2022. Microclimate conditions alter Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) overwinter survival across climate gradients in Maine, United States. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 13(1):101872. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101872
- Voordouw MJ, Lachish S, Dolan MC. 2015. The Lyme disease pathogen has no effect on the survival of its rodent reservoir host. PLoS One 10(2):e0118265. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118265
- Williams SC, Ward JS. 2010. Effects of Japanese barberry (Ranunculales: Berberidaceae) removal and resulting microclimatic changes on Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) abundances in Connecticut, USA. Environmental Entomology 39(6):1911- 1921. https://doi.org/10.1603/EN10131
- Wolf M, Weissing FJ. 2012. Animal personalities: consequences for ecology and evolution. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 27(8):452- 461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.05.001
- Yang Y, Christensen OF, Sorensen D. 2011. Analysis of a genetically structured variance heterogeneity model using the Box -Cox transformation. Genetics Research 93(1):33-46. https://doi. org/10.1017/S0016672310000418
- Zawada SG, von Fricken ME, Weppelmann TA, Sikaroodi M, Gillevet PM. 2020. Optimization of tissue sampling for Borrelia burgdorferi in white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). PLoS One 15(1):e0226798. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226798
- Zylberberg M, Klasing KC, Hahn TP. 2014. In house finches, Haemorhous mexicanus, risk takers invest more in innate immune function. Animal Behaviour 89:115-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. anbehav.2013.12.021