Ashkenazi DNA Under the Microscope: Debunking the Europe–Levant Intermediate Myth

This submission contains the revised manuscript “Ashkenazi DNA Under the Microscope: Debunking the Europe–Levant Intermediate Myth” in compressed PDF format. The document presents a full genome-wide and uniparental reanalysis of Ashkenazi Jewish population structure using publicly available Human Origins v62.0 genotype resources and multiple population genetics frameworks including qpAdm, autosomal FST, Global25 similarity analysis, identity-by-descent constraints, and literature-based Y-chromosomal synthesis.

All analytical components are fully documented and are based on reproducible inputs derived from publicly accessible datasets and web-based population genetics tools (IllustrativeDNA AdmixLab, ExploreYourDNA Global25 utilities). No new biological samples were generated.