Published July 2, 2026
| Version 1.0
Dataset
Open
Data supporting the manuscript "Continuous fossil fuel CO2 emission estimates based on 14C-calibrated urban eddy-covariance fluxes of co-emitted species"
Authors/Creators
-
Kunz, Ann-Kristin1
-
Hammer, Samuel2
-
Aigner, Patrick3
- Borchardt, Lars4
-
Chen, Jia3, 5
- Della Coletta, Julian6
-
Eritt, Markus4
-
Friedrich, Ronny7
- Gutiérrez, Xochilt4
-
Hilland, Rainer1
-
Holst, Christopher C.8
-
Jordan, Armin4
-
Kljun, Natascha9
- Kneißl, Richard4
-
Kühbacher, Daniel3
-
Lan, Changxing8
-
Li, Junwei3
-
Molinier, Betty9
-
Preunkert, Susanne2
-
Christen, Andreas1
-
1.
University of Freiburg
-
2.
Heidelberg University
-
3.
Technical University of Munich
-
4.
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
-
5.
Harvard University
-
6.
Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg
-
7.
Curt Engelhorn Centre Archaeometry
-
8.
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
-
9.
Lund University
Description
Half-hourly observation-based and modeled turbulent fluxes at a tall tower in Munich (DE-Opd) from 01 July 2024 to 28 February 2025. The derivation and analysis of the data is described in the following manuscript:
Kunz, A., Hammer, S., Aigner, P., Borchardt, L., Chen, J., Della Coletta, J., Eritt, M., Friedrich, R., Gutiérrez, X., Hilland, R., Holst, C., Jordan, A., Kljun, N., Kneißl, R., Kühbacher, D., Lan, C., Li, J., Molinier, B., Preunkert, S., Christen, A.: Continuous fossil fuel CO2 emission estimates based on 14C-calibrated urban eddy-covariance fluxes of co-emitted species.
This study was conducted within the ICOS Cities project (https://www.icos-cp.eu/projects/icos-cities).
The csv file provided contains the following columns:
| Column name | Unit | Description |
| time_start_LT | LT | Timestamps of the start of the 30 min averaging intervals in local time |
| time_end_LT | LT | Timestamps of the end of the 30 min averaging intervals in local time |
| time_start_UTC | UTC | Timestamps of the start of the 30 min averaging intervals in UTC |
| time_end_UTC | UTC | Timestamps of the end of the 30 min averaging intervals in UTC |
| FCO2 | µmol m-2 s-1 | CO2 flux from the MGA7 (turbulent flux + storage flux) |
| FCO | µmol m-2 s-1 | CO flux from the MGA7 (turbulent flux + storage flux) |
| FNOx | µmol m-2 s-1 | NO flux + NO2 flux from the MGA7 (turbulent flux + storage flux) |
| FffCO2_CO_const | µmol m-2 s-1 | CO-based ffCO2 flux estimate based on a constant FCO/FffCO2 ratio |
| FffCO2_CO_T24h | µmol m-2 s-1 | CO-based ffCO2 flux estimate based on an air temperature-dependent FCO/FffCO2 ratio |
| FffCO2_NOx_const | µmol m-2 s-1 | NOx-based ffCO2 flux estimate based on a constant FNOx/FffCO2 ratio |
| FffCO2_NOx_winddir | µmol m-2 s-1 | NOx-based ffCO2 flux estimate based on a wind direction-dependent FNOx/FffCO2 ratio |
| FnfCO2_CO_const | µmol m-2 s-1 | CO-based nfCO2 flux estimate based on a constant FCO/FffCO2 ratio (FCO2 - FffCO2_CO_const) |
| FnfCO2_CO_T24h | µmol m-2 s-1 | CO-based nfCO2 flux estimate based on an air temperature-dependent FCO/FffCO2 ratio (FCO2 - FffCO2_CO_T24h) |
| FnfCO2_NOx_const | µmol m-2 s-1 | NOx-based nfCO2 flux estimate based on a constant FNOx/FffCO2 ratio (FCO2 - FffCO2_NOx_const) |
| FnfCO2_NOx_winddir | µmol m-2 s-1 | NOx-based nfCO2 flux estimate based on a wind direction-dependent FNOx/FffCO2 ratio (FCO2 - FffCO2_NOx_winddir) |
| qc_data | - | "0"/"1" for data that did not pass / that passed all EC and footprint quality control criteria |
| working_day | - | "0"/"1" for weekend or public holidays / working days |
| daytime | - | "0"/"1" for data between 20:00 and 07:00 LT / between 07:00 and 20:00 LT |
| T_air | °C | Air temperature at LMU measurement station. Missing data from time_end_UTC 2024-08-28 12:00 to 2024-08-29 08:00, 2024-10-16 10:30, and 2024-12-03 19:30 to 2024-12-04 07:30 was filled in using air temperature measurements from the IRGASON instrument, with an offset of 1 °C added. |
| T_air_24h | °C | Average T_air over the preceding 24 h. |
| wind_dir | °N | Horizontal wind direction |
| AoA | ° | angle of attack |
| u* | m s-1 | Friction velocity |
| CO_spikes | - | "0"/"1" for time periods without / with CO spikes in concentration measurements |
| NOx_spikes | - | "0"/"1" for time periods without / with NOx spikes in concentration measurements |
| qc_co2_flux | - | 0-1-2 qc flag from CO2 of the MGA7 |
| qc_co_flux | - | 0-1-2 qc flag from CO of the MGA7 |
| qc_no_flux | - | 0-1-2 qc flag from NO of the MGA7 |
| qc_no2_flux | - | 0-1-2 qc flag from NO2 of the MGA7 |
| blh_qc | - | "0"/"1" for time periods with boundary layer height above / below measurement height + 20m |
| footprint_sum | - | Sum of the flux footprint within the administrative city boundary multiplied by 100 |
| CO2_tot | µmol m-2 s-1 | Modeled net CO2 flux estimates including the footprint-weighted emission inventory (all sectors) and footprint-weighted NEE from the VPRM model |
| CO2_ff | µmol m-2 s-1 | Modeled ffCO2 flux estimates from the footprint-weighted emission inventory (all sectors) |
| CO2_nf | µmol m-2 s-1 | Modeled nfCO2 flux estimates including the footprint-weighted emission inventory (human respiration and nfCO2 from stationary combustion and road transport) and footprint-weighted NEE from the VPRM model |
| NEE | µmol m-2 s-1 | Modeled NEE from the footprint-weighted VPRM model |
| CO2_A ... CO2_L | µmol m-2 s-1 | Modeled CO2 flux estimates from the footprint-weighted emission inventory for the GNFR source sectors A - L |
| CO2_nf_A ... CO2_nf_L | µmol m-2 s-1 | Modeled nfCO2 flux estimates from the footprint-weighted emission inventory for the GNFR source sectors A - L |
Files
Continuous_flux_data_DE-Opd.csv
Additional details
Related works
- Is derived from
- Dataset: 10.18160/98S6-A1N8 (DOI)
- Dataset: 10.18160/CFHP-RY4X (DOI)
- Dataset: 10.18160/HN4Q-PK8X (DOI)
- Dataset: https://hdl.handle.net/11676/n6kESXJk3Va_ylZG_ai8qNBJ (URL)