ROLE OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND MOTIVATION: THEIR INFLUENCE ON STUDENT PERFORMANCE IN MULTIGRADE SCHOOLS

This study aimed to determine the significant relationship between Parental Involvement and Student Motivation in Multigrade Schools at Monkayo East District, Monkayo, Davao de Oro. The research employed a descriptive-correlation design, utilizing the validated questionnaire and first-quarter grades as the primary data-gathering tools. The respondents were 68 pupils and their parents from three schools, selected through purposive sampling. The data collected were analyzed using statistical methods such as mean and Pearson r. The results showed that parental involvement in terms of parenting, communication, volunteering, learning at home, decision-making, and collaboration with the community, although generally moderate to high across all domains, does not significantly influence academic performance. Moreover, student motivation was high, indicating it is a strong and significant predictor of academic performance. However, students' academic performance remains satisfactory, indicating that while learning is occurring, there is still potential for improvement. The study concludes that student motivation is a key determinant of academic performance in multigrade schools; it recommends that schools, teachers, and parents prioritize strengthening students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and align parental involvement with academically focused practices to effectively improve student performance in multigrade classrooms.