Coherence of Energy Transition Policies in Cross-Border Regions: A Comparative Study of Czechia, Germany, and Poland

This article analyses the coherence of regional energy transition policies in light of key EU strategic frameworks, including the European Green Deal, the “Fit for 55” package, and the RED III Directive. It focuses on the cross-border region of Liberec (Czech Republic), Saxony (Germany), and Lower Silesia (Poland), an area strongly affected by the long-term impacts of lignite mining, divided among three administrative system Despite shared transition goals, differences in national and regional governance may lead to divergent outcomes. The study evaluates policies at EU, national, and regional levels, assessing their completeness with respect to EU guidelines, alignment of targets, and the practical capacity of regional authorities to implement them—particularly in the context of a just transition supported by the Just Transition Fund. The main aim is to support the development of a joint cross-border vision for a Just Green Transition that ensures social justice and coherent regional development. The findings highlight existing gaps and discrepancies, proposing directions for harmonizing actions and the identification of appropriate implementing bodies and beneficiaries. This is intended to accelerate the green transition in the tri-border area through a more integrated and coordinated approach.