Homoeomma familiare Bertkau, 1880

Figs 2 and 3

Homoeomma familiaris Bertkau, 1880: 37, fig. 11 (holotype, ♀, from Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL, lost, not examined); Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1961: 203, fig. 9.

Homoeomma stradlingi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881: 683, pl. 60, figs 1–7 (holotype, ♀, from Bahia, BRAZIL, 7.III.1880, Dr. Stradling col., 2 ♂ without labels, BRAZIL, FUY examined photos provided by Ray Gabriel). Syn. nov.

Agathostola strabo Simon, 1892: 163 (holotype, ♂, COLOMBIA, MNHN 8100, not examined); Simon, 1903: 936; Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 251, figs 23–34. Syn. nov.

Homoeomma strabo: Simon, 1903: 936.

Eurypelma regina Chamberlin, 1917: 49, plate 4, fig. 1. (holotype, ♂, from Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL, Nathaniel Thayer Expedition col., MCZ 56, paratype, ♀, from Macacos, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL, W. Roberts col., MCZ 57, examined by photos provided by C. A. Rheims); Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1972: 251, figs 23–34 (Syn. with H. strabo).

Grammostola familiaris: Mello-Leitão, 1921: 303.

Plesiopelma regina: Mello-Leitão, 1923: 182.

Homoeomma familiare: Schmidt, 2003: 170, fig. 394

Diagnosis. Males differ from those of other Homoeomma species by the presence of an apical keel on the embolus, although poorly developed (Figs 2A, 3A). In addition, they have a slight median enlargement of the embolus and a discrete distal keel in the retrolateral view of the embolus (Figs 2B, 3B). The female of H. familiare differs from those of other species by the absence of a membranous base on the spermathecae (Figs 2I, 3E).

Material examined. BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Juiz de Fora [21°45'35.3"S, 43°21'28.6"W], 1♂, 23.VIII.1978, Ação Social Arquidiocesana col., (IBSP 104375), lost voucher; Rio de Janeiro: Angra dos Reis, RPPN Fazenda do Tanguá [23°00'53.7"S, 44°21'28.9"W], 1♂, VIII–IX.2009, C.A. Souza et al., col., (IBSP 316011); Mangaratiba, Ilha de Jaguanum [22°59'52.4"S, 43°55'51.5"W], 1♂, S. Albuquerque col., (IBSP 104147C), lost voucher; Duque de Caxias, Parada Angélica [22°37'01.5"S, 43°12'23.0"W], 1♂, Granja Santos Vieira, (MNRJ 13715), lost voucher; Nova Friburgo, Fazenda Rio Grande, 1♂, 12.IV.2001, Pinesche col., (IBSP 110000), lost voucher; Macaé de Cima [22°24'03.3"S, 42°30'42.5"W], 1♂, 18.IV.1987, R. Sachsse col., (MNRJ 3905), lost voucher; Paraíba do Sul, Fazenda Recreio, 1♂, 19.IX.1990, A.C.O. Rodrigues col., (MNRJ 13619), lost voucher; Petrópolis [22°30'50.0"S, 43°11'11.8"W], 1♀,no data,no col.,Gershman e Schiapelli det.,(MNRJ13578),lost voucher;Petrópolis[22°30'50.0"S, 43°11'11.8"W], 1♂, 2022, V. Ghirotto col., (CAD 1934); no data, no collector, 1♀, Gershman & Schiapelli det., (MNRJ 13578), lost voucher; Pinheiral [22°29'53.2"S, 44°01'08.2"W], 1♂, W. Bücherl col., (MNRJ 113608), lost voucher; Rio de Janeiro [22°54'56.2"S, 43°17'48.5"W], 1♂, 30.VII.1974, J.U. Circe col., (IBSP 104147D), lost voucher; Pedra Branca, Serra da Barata [22°54'38.9"S, 43°26'55.3"W], 1♂, VI.1957, B. dos Prazeres col., (MNRJ 13755), lost voucher; Teresópolis [22°24'54.9"S, 42°58'38.1"W], 1♂, 30.VIII.1979, S. Albuquerque col., (IBSP 104147A), lost voucher; Parque Nacional Serra dos Órgãos [22°28'48.0"S, 43°03'34.4"W], 1♂, IX.1952, J. Vidal col., (MNRJ 13004), lost voucher; 1♂, 03.XI.1925, A.M. Teles & C. Silva col., (MNRJ 13580), lost voucher; 2♂ e 1♀, 31.III.1977, R.W. Waltermath col., (IBSP 104242), lost voucher; IX.1981, 1♂, Klimase col., (IBSP 104683), lost voucher; São Paulo: São José do Rio Preto [20°48'20.1"S, 49°22'52.3"W], 1♂, 3.XI.1960, N. Tingarine col., (MNRJ 13756), lost voucher; São Paulo, Raposo Tavares highway, km. 43 [23°05'10.7"S, 49°31'46.4"W], 1♂, 10.VII.1974, I. Gomes col., (IBSP 104147B), lost voucher.

Remarks. The female holotype of H. familiare, collected in Tijuca, municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil is considered lost. The illustration of spermathecae, description information and collect data provided in Bertkau (1880, plate 1, fig. 11) are similar to those of H. stradlingi and supports the synonymy of H. stradlingi with H. familiare. The spermathecae illustration (Fig. 2I) belongs to specimen IBSP 4242, which was lost in the fire. Examination of the male types of Homoeomma strabo and Eurypelma regina, according to Gerschman & Schiapelli (1972), showed no differences, even though one of the types is from Colombia. A difference in the size of the PS keel was detected between the male from MNRJ and the holotype of E. regina. After analyzing the males studied by FUY (later lost in the fire at IBSP and MNRJ), we consider that these variations in size of the PS keel are interspecific polymorphisms. As noted by Sherwood et al. (2018), this location (Colombia) may be a labeling error.

Redescription

Male (CAD 1934).

Color (in alcohol): carapace, chelicerae, legs and dorsal abdomen brown, covered by reddish setae. Ventral abdomen brown, and sternum and coxae brown covered by reddish setae. Maxillae and labium brown. Live specimens show more intense colors. Type III urticating setae. Type IV not found (probably detached). Total length: 31.26 (chelicerae not included). Carapace elongated: length 16.59, width 14.98. Abdomen: length 14.67. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, oval: length 16.59, width 2.73. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved.

Eyes and interdistances:AME 0.58, ALE 0.58, PME 0.54, PLE 0.54, AME–AME 0.22, AME–ALE 0.15, ALE– ALE 1.30, PME–PME 1.01, PME–PLE 0.09, PLE–PLE 1.71, AME–PME 0.10, ALE–PLE 0.07, Thoracic fovea straight, short, deep: width 2.63. Chelicerae basal segment with 11 well-developed teeth on furrow promargin, and group of ca. 8 small teeth on proximal area of furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with ca. 100 cuspules, located on anterior inner corner. Labium trapezoidal: length 2.97, width 3.43, with ca. 100 cuspules. Sternum oval: length 7.93, width 7.26; with three pairs of oval sigilla separated by their diameter from edge.

Palpal bulb: poorly developed inferior prolateral keel and a well-developed superior prolateral keel, a thick embolus with a curvature of approximately 90 degrees in relation to the axis of the bulb, with an arrow-shaped distal apex. Distal part of embolus has discrete distal keel in retrolateral view (Fig. 2B and 3B). A well-developed tegular process, with triangular shape in pro-and retrolateral views (Figs 2A–B, 3A–B).

Tibial apophysis: formed by two branches with single base: prolateral branch smaller, with retrolateral spine; retrolateral branch larger with apical spine. Metatarsus I flexes between two branches of tibial apophysis, touching both medially (Fig. 2 G–H).

Superior tarsal claws with six small teeth on midline. Tarsal scopula: I entire, with longitudinal band of some long and conical setae; II entire, with longitudinal band of some long and conical setae; III entire, with longitudinal band of some long and conical setae; IV entire, with longitudinal band of some long and conical setae. Metatarsal scopula, extension: I more than distal half, with longitudinal band of some long and conical setae; II more than distal half, with longitudinal band of some long and conical setae; III on distal half; IV on distal 1/3. Leg formula 4132 (Table 1).

Spination (proximal to distal): Palp: femur (p) 0-0-ap1; patella 0; tibia (p) 0-2-ap1. Leg I: femur 0; patella (v) 0-0-2ap; tibia (p) 1-2-ap1, (r) 0-1-ap1, (v) 2-5-0; metatarsus (p) 0-1-0, (v)1-1-ap1; Leg II: femur (p) 0-0-ap1, (v) 0-0-1; patella (p) 1-1-1, (v) 0-0-1; tibia (p) 2-3-3, (r) 0-1-0, (v) 3-2-ap3; metatarsus (d) 1-1-1, (p) 1-1-0, (v) 0-4-ap2. Leg III: femur (p) 0-0-2, (r) 0-0-2; patella (p) 0-1-0, (r) 0-1-0; tibia (p) 1-3-1, (r) 1-1-1, (v) 2-1-ap2; metatarsus (p) 0-1-0, (v)1-1-ap1; Leg IV: femur (r) 0-0-2; patella (p) 0-0-1, (v) 0-0-ap1; tibia (p) 0-2-2, (v) 3-4-ap2; metatarsus (p) 1-2-ap1, (r) 1-2-ap1, (v) 2-10-ap2.

Female (paratype, MCZ 57)—see Gerschman & Schiapelli (1972).

Distribution. Known only from the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (Fig. 1A), and Colombia (the holotype of H. strabo) and Bahia (holotype of H. stradlingi).