Analisis Konsep Dasar Kepemimpinan dan Manajemen dalam Organisasi: Tinjauan Literatur terhadap Teori Kepemimpinan Klasik dan Relevansinya di Era Modern

Leadership and management are two fundamental concepts that play an important role in organizational success. The development of the business environment, technological advances, and changes in human resource characteristics require organizations to implement effective leadership and management principles. This study aims to analyze the basic concepts of leadership and management in organizations through a literature review of classical leadership theories and examine their relevance in the modern era. The research method used is qualitative research with a library research approach. Data were obtained from various national and international journals, books, and scientific articles published within the last five years. Data analysis employed content analysis through the processes of identifying, classifying, and interpreting relevant literature sources. The findings indicate that classical leadership theories proposed by Frederick W. Taylor, Henri Fayol, and Max Weber remain relevant in supporting organizational effectiveness, particularly in aspects of division of labor, organizational structure, supervision, and decision-making. However, the application of classical theories needs to be adapted to modern organizational conditions that are more dynamic, flexible, and innovation-oriented. Therefore, the integration of classical leadership principles with modern leadership approaches can serve as an effective strategy for addressing organizational challenges in the digital era.