ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INSTABILITY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN GHANA: ASSESSING THE BROADER ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COST

Abstract

Power outages, popularly known in Ghana have evolved from a temporary inconvenience

into a structural development challenge with wide-ranging economic, social, and

environmental consequences. This article examines the real cost of unstable electricity

supply on households, businesses, education, healthcare, youth lifestyles, and the broader

economy. It argues that the impact of dumsor is cumulative, quietly eroding productivity,

increasing inequality, and slowing national development. Beyond highlighting the

problems, the article also provides awareness insights and practical solutions including

infrastructure investment, renewable energy diversification, improved management,

transparency, and energy efficiency education. It concludes that addressing Ghana’s

power crisis requires long-term commitment, not short-term fixes.