IBERIFIER - Iberian Digital Media Observatory
Published October 6, 2026 | Version v1
Report Open

Social impact of disinformation campaigns in Spain and Portugal 2024-2026

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Real Instituto Elcano
  • 2. Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, CIES-Iscte
  • 3. ROR icon Observatório da Comunicação
  • 4. ROR icon Real Instituto Elcano de Estudios Internacionales y Estratégicos
  • 5. ROR icon Universidad de Navarra

Contributors

Project leader:

Work package leader:

  • 1. ROR icon Universidad de Navarra

Description

This report constitutes the second IBERIFIER strategic analysis of disinformation in Spain and Portugal, examining the period from 2023 to 2026. It documents an information environment that has been reshaped by three interlocking transformations: the operational maturation of generative artificial intelligence as a tool of foreign and domestic manipulation, the consolidation of the EU's Digital Services Act (DSA) and adjacent regulatory instruments, and the coordinated withdrawal of major digital platforms from the co-regulatory model that had structured European action against disinformation since 2018 — a process this report terms the Great Retreat.

Files

D4.3 - IBERIFIER Plus - Social impact of disinformation campaigns in Spain and Portugal 2024-2026.pdf

Files (38.0 MB)

Additional details

Funding

European Commission
IBERIFIER Plus - Iberian Digital Media Observatory IBERIFIER Plus -101158511