Published April 5, 2026 | Version v1
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Common Effluent Treatment Plants in Textile Industry: Technologies, Performance Evaluation and Sustainability Challenges – A Review

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Department of Civil Engineering, DKTE Society's Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, Maharashtra

Description

The textile industry is one of the largest consumers of freshwater and simultaneously one of the major
contributors to industrial water pollution worldwide. Textile manufacturing processes such as sizing, desizing,
scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing, printing, and finishing generate substantial volumes of wastewater
containing complex pollutants. These effluents are characterized by intense colour, high chemical oxygen
demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), suspended solids, heavy
metals, surfactants, and recalcitrant organic compounds including reactive and azo dyes. The presence of high
salinity and non-biodegradable organics makes treatment particularly challenging using conventional
biological systems alone. For small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which constitute a significant portion of
textile clusters in developing countries, installation and operation of individual effluent treatment plants
(ETPs) are often economically and technically unfeasible. To address this issue, Common Effluent Treatment
Plants (CETPs) were developed as centralized treatment facilities serving multiple industrial units. CETPs
enable cost-sharing, regulatory compliance, and improved monitoring of wastewater discharge. This review
discusses CETP configurations, treatment stages and technologies, performance efficiencies, Zero Liquid
Discharge (ZLD) systems, sludge management strategies, and emerging sustainability challenges in textile
wastewater management.

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References

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