Published June 5, 2026 | Version v1.0.1
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Individual, behavioural, and environmental determinants of personal light exposure in daily life: A multi-country wearable and experience-sampling study (Analysis Artifact)

  • 1. Department Health and Sports Sciences, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Chronobiology & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
  • 2. Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Faculty of Science, Department of Neuroscience, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
  • 3. Smart Sensor Systems research group, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Delft, The Netherlands
  • 4. Department of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
  • 5. Faculty of Science, Department of Neuroscience, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
  • 6. Fundación Universitaria CEU San Pablo, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
  • 7. Smart Sensor Systems research group, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, Delft, The Netherlands; Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
  • 8. Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA)
  • 9. Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Research Group Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
  • 10. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
  • 11. School of Architecture, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica
  • 12. Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, CH
  • 13. Department Health and Sports Sciences, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Chronobiology & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Research Group Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany; TUM Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; TUMCREATE Ltd., Singapore, Singapore

Description

Personal light exposure is a modifiable determinant of circadian and neurobehavioural health, yet its everyday structure across populations remains poorly understood. This harmonised, multi-country field study examines ocular light exposure in 191 adults across nine sites in Costa Rica, Germany, Ghana, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Turkey, comprising 1,480 participant-days. Participants wore calibrated light loggers near the corneal plane and at chest level and completed repeated contextual assessments. The study reports that average daytime exposure remained below recommended melanopic levels, adherence varied by site, daily phase and photoperiod, individual and activity-level differences explained more variation than site, and daylight access, outdoor activity and micro-environment were the strongest exposure correlates.

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