The Mughal Synthesis and Its Collapse: Akbar's Din-e-Ilahi, Dara Shikoh's Majmaʿ al-Bahrayn, and Aurangzeb's Ba'alist Capture of the Indus Batin (933–1118 AH / 1526–1707 CE)

SCRA Indus Basin Studies Series No. 3. The Mughal period (933-1274 AH / 1526-1857 CE) examined as a three-act civilizational drama on the Indus basin. Act I: the Timurid-Safavid-Sufi inheritance -- Babur's Timurid formation, Humayun's fifteen-year Safavid immersion, and the Chishti silsila as the indigenous walayah substrate. Act II: the zahir-batin synthesis at its apex -- Akbar's Din-e-Ilahi (990 AH / 1582 CE) as the first state-level attempt at a zahir-batin governance doctrine on the Indus; Dara Shikoh's Majma' al-Bahrayn (1066 AH / 1655 CE) identifying the structural convergence between Sufi wahdat al-wujud and Vedantic Advaita; and Sirr-e-Akbar (1067 AH / 1657 CE), the Persian translation of fifty-two Upanishads. Act III: Aurangzeb's Ba'alist Capture -- the execution of Dara Shikoh (1069 AH / 1659 CE) on apostasy charges as the Indus Saqifa; the five systematic reversals (reimposition of jizyah, destruction of Hindu temples, prohibition of court music, Naqshbandi ulama patronage, the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri). The Aurangzeb-Deoband genealogy traced through Ahmad Sirhindi, Shah Wali Allah, and Deoband 1867. SCRA Verdict: Dara Shikoh's Majma' al-Bahrayn is the authentic batin statement of Indus Islamic civilization; Aurangzeb's execution is the Indus Saqifa whose civilizational consequences extend to the contemporary Saudi-Deobandi Ba'alist Capture analyzed in WP-35.