Industrial Line Following Robot for Autonomous Material Handling Using QTR-8RC Sensor Array and Arduino-Based Control System

This paper presents the design and implementation of an industrial line following robot for autonomous material handling in factory and warehouse environments. The robot integrates a QTR-8RC reflectance sensor array for accurate line detection, an Arduino Uno microcontroller for real-time control, and a BTS7960 high-current motor driver to actuate a 6-wheel drive (6WD) chassis. An HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor enables obstacle detection to enhance operational safety. A 12V 7Ah rechargeable battery powers the system, while an LM2596 buck converter provides regulated voltages for electronics. The proposed system achieves robust path tracking, stable locomotion under load, and reliable operation on typical industrial surfaces. Experimental evaluations demonstrate consistent line tracking, responsive obstacle handling, and practical suitability for indoor material transport. The solution is low-cost, scalable, and well-suited for small and medium industrial facilities seeking to reduce manual handling and improve productivity.