Published September 30, 2025 | Version v1
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TUTELARY DEITIES OF SOUTH ODISHA- RITUAL PRACTICES AND ROYAL PATRONAGE (CIRCA. 16TH TO 19TH CENTURY CE)

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This paper focuses on the tutelary deities of south Odisha most importantly Khambhesvari, Mohuri Kalua, Thakurani, Majhighariani, and Markama, their ritual activities, and patronization by little kings of Odisha. One of the most prominent
characteristics of the religious life of south Odisha is the greater significance accorded to those deities of the little tradition who are regarded as mother goddesses or earth goddesses.

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References

  • A.K. Rath, 1987. Studies on Some Aspects of the History and Culture of Orissa, Calcutta: Punthi Pustak. Pp. 80-89.
  • B. Schnepel, 1993. 'Die Schutzgottinnen: Tribale Gottheiten in Sudorissa (Indien) undihre Patronage durch hinduistische Kleinkonige,', Anthropos 88, 337-50.
  • K.B. Singh Deo, 1939. Nandapur: A Forsaken Kingdom, Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press. Pp. 14- 17
  • A. Eschmann, 1978a. 'Hinduization of Tribal Deities in Orissa: The Sakta and Saiva Typology,' in: Eschmann, Kulke and Tripathi (eds.), The Cult of Jagannath and the Regional Tradition of Orissa, New Delhi: Manohar Publishers, Pp.79-97