Tracing Footprints: The Spread of Mahima Dharma Beyond Odisha

Mahima Dharma, defined by strict monotheism, rejection of idol worship, and opposition to the caste hierarchy, originated in the Garhjat states of Odisha in the mid-nineteenth century. This study examines the expansion of Mahima Dharma beyond its place of origin and regional boundaries, as well as attempts to locate its expansion in the historical and sociological contingencies.  Although frequently classified as a localised subaltern sect, the research draws on colonial administrative records and ethnographic literature to trace the movement’s substantial spread into Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Assam, and Jharkhand. The analysis explores how theological doctrines, monastic itinerancy (paribrajaka), and the migration of labourers to tea plantations and industrial centres functioned as key mechanisms facilitating the dissemination of Mahima Dharma beyond Odisha. Mahima Dharma, often referred to as the Alekha faith, has developed a trans-regional presence, particularly among tribal and rural communities, thereby influencing the socio-religious dynamics of eastern India and transcending Odisha's linguistic boundaries.