Transcriptomic and Immune Landscape Analysis Identifies Biomarkers of Immunotherapy Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Immunotherapy has transformed the treatment landscape of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC),
particularly through immune checkpoint blockade therapies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathways.
However, significant variability in patient response remains a major clinical challenge.
In this study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic and immune landscape analysis to identify
biomarkers associated with immunotherapy response in NSCLC. Publicly available RNA-seq datasets
from immunotherapy-treated NSCLC cohorts were analyzed to compare responders and nonresponders. Differential expression analysis, immune-related signature profiling, dimensionality
reduction, clustering analysis, and functional enrichment were conducted to characterize the molecular
and immune differences between clinical groups.
Our analysis identified distinct immune activation patterns associated with treatment response,
including alterations in immune checkpoint activity, antigen presentation pathways, interferon
signaling, and T-cell-associated immune responses. Functional enrichment analysis revealed significant
enrichment of immune-related biological processes among differentially expressed genes.
These findings provide insights into the immune mechanisms underlying immunotherapy response and
highlight potential transcriptomic biomarkers for NSCLC patient stratification.