Interface between Artificial Intelligence and Criminal Justice System in Nigeria: Lessons from Other Jurisdictions

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into criminal justice systems presents a 
complex landscape of opportunities and challenges. This paper examines the legal 
implications of AI applications in various facets of criminal justice, from predictive policing 
to sentencing algorithms that can analyse large datasets, identify patterns, and provide 
insights for quick and quality decision-making by stakeholders. While AI promises enhanced 
efficiency and data-driven decision-making, it simultaneously raises significant concerns 
about fairness, transparency, and the preservation of due process rights. This paper 
analyzes case studies from multiple jurisdictions, highlighting both successful 
implementations and controversial failures of AI systems in law enforcement and judicial 
processes. This paper also identifies several key legal and ethical challenges, including 
algorithmic bias, lack of transparency in decision-making processes, and the potential 
erosion of human judgment in critical legal determinations. This study emphasizes the need 
for continuous human oversight, regular audits of AI systems, and the establishment of clear 
accountability mechanisms. This study employs a multidisciplinary approach, combining 
legal analysis and ethical philosophy to evaluate the current state of AI in criminal justice 
and project future trajectories. The article concludes by outlining policy recommendations 
and best practices for lawmakers, judiciary, and law enforcement agencies to develop 
strategies to meet the realities of Artificial Intelligence-enabled crime