A STUDY ON E-COMMERCE AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON AMAZON

The rapid expansion of e-commerce has significantly transformed global retail systems, with Amazon 
emerging as one of the leading players in the digital marketplace. While e-commerce offers convenience, 
efficiency, and economic growth, it also raises important environmental concerns related to packaging waste, 
carbon emissions, energy consumption, and logistics operations. This study examines the environmental 
impact of Amazon’s e-commerce activities and evaluates the effectiveness of its sustainability initiatives in 
reducing ecological damage. The research adopts a descriptive and comparative approach, combining 
primary data collected through a structured questionnaire with secondary data from academic journals, 
policy reports, and corporate sustainability documents. Furthermore, the study compares the environmental 
effects of online shopping and traditional retail systems, focusing on packaging waste, transportation 
emissions, and consumer purchasing behavior. The findings indicate that packaging waste and delivery
related carbon emissions are perceived as the most significant environmental challenges. Although Amazon 
has implemented sustainability measures such as renewable energy adoption and eco-friendly packaging 
initiatives, continuous improvement and responsible consumer practices remain essential for achieving long
term environmental sustainability. This research contributes to a better understanding of the complex 
relationship between e-commerce growth and environmental responsibility.