The development of eco-friendly and sustainable methods for nanoparticle synthesis has gained significant importance in modern nanotechnology. In this study, copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized using a green approach involving plant extract of Aloe vera. The phytochemicals present in Aloe vera, such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides, act as natural reducing and stabilizing agents, facilitating the formation of nanoparticles without the use of hazardous chemicals.The synthesis process was carried out by reacting copper salt solution with Aloe vera extract under controlled conditions, leading to the formation of CuO nanoparticles indicated by a visible color change. The synthesized nanoparticles were further characterized using standard analytical techniques such as UV–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine their optical properties, crystalline structure, and surface morphology.

The results confirmed the successful formation of stable, crystalline CuO nanoparticles with nanoscale dimensions. Additionally, the nanoparticles exhibited significant biological activities, including antimicrobial potential against selected microorganisms, highlighting their applicability in biomedical and environmental fields.

This study demonstrates that plant-mediated synthesis using Aloe vera is a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally benign method for producing CuO nanoparticles. The approach aligns with the principles of green chemistry and offers promising potential for large-scale production and diverse industrial applications.