Biochar: Contributions to Sustainable Agriculture, Climate Change, and The Circular Economy

Global warming, soil health management, and the adoption of sustainable green technology are among the major issues of the century. Biochar offers significant potential to address these problems and is an essential instrument for achieving sustainable development objectives. This article aims to thoroughly investigate the potential of biochar as a sustainable method for managing agricultural waste, as well as its role in enhancing soil quality, mitigating climate change, and promoting circular economy integration. It highlights how biochar can enhance the soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties, thereby boosting microbial activity, water retention, nutrient availability, and ultimately, agricultural productivity. Biochar’s capacity to sequester carbon, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and support carbon credit markets is also discussed. Notwithstanding these advantages, technical constraints, legal obstacles, and economic feasibility remain major impediments to widespread implementation. The review highlights the need for supportive policies and standardized frameworks while identifying research gaps in biochar stability, environmental impact, and application techniques. This study presents biochar as a flexible, scalable technology with broad applications in global climate resilience and sustainable land management.