CURRENT PROBLEMS CAUSED BY THE AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS.

The scientific study of diseases in birds, known as avian pathology, focuses on the structural, functional, and molecular alterations in tissues and organs brought on by infections, poisons, malnutrition, or other factors. It is essential for preserving the health of chickens, guaranteeing food security, and fostering economic expansion. With a focus on developments in diagnostic techniques that improve avian illness identification and management, this review aims to highlight current trends, problems, and future directions in avian pathology. However, there is still little real-world use of cutting-edge technologies in avian pathology, especially in Ethiopia. Immunohistochemistry, molecular methods, and digital pathology are examples of recent diagnostic developments that have enhanced the identification, characterization, and treatment of poultry diseases. Future initiatives will focus on using machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) for precise diagnosis, real-time illness monitoring, and outbreak prediction. Ethiopia has made great strides in the field of avian pathology, especially in the areas of histology and polymerase chain reaction. The poultry business still faces obstacles despite continuous progress, such as zoonotic risks, antibiotic resistance, emerging and reemerging infections, and restricted access to diagnostic infrastructure. Therefore, improving biosecurity procedures, encouraging the appropriate use of antibiotics, and increasing the use of molecular, digital pathology, and AI-supported diagnostic tools continue to be crucial tactics for safeguarding the public's health as well as the poultry population. Ethiopia should improve its diagnostic capabilities and professional training in avian pathology in order to further improve disease detection and control.