Action-Only Theory VI : Newton's Gravitational Constant as Electromagnetic Vacuum Residual : A Reinterpretation with 0.0175% Accuracy

This work (Part VI of the Action-Only Theory series) reinterprets Newton’s gravitational constant G as a structural residual of the electromagnetic vacuum. Within the AOT framework, G is shown to emerge from the vacuum impedance and the electron’s electromagnetic coupling scale, achieving agreement with the CODATA 2018 value at the 0.017% level.

The correction factor arises from the mechanical equilibrium of a dual-channel Maxwell stress tensor, unifying Poincaré stress and Casimir-type vacuum response. This formulation reframes gravity as an impedance gradient of a rheological vacuum, suggesting that gravitational dynamics are not independent but electromagnetic in origin.